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X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Morphology Study on Antiwear Films Derived from ZDDP Under Different Sliding Frequencies

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Abstract

X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has been used to characterize the chemistry of antiwear (AW) films generated from mineral base oil containing a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate additive. These films were formed on rubbed steel surfaces with a reciprocating boundary contact using different sliding frequencies. The phosphorus L-edge XANES spectra show that these films have slightly different chemical natures. Longer chain polyphosphates were present on the steel surface prepared at the higher sliding frequencies. The surface morphology of these films was investigated using atomic force microscopy. These images show that the surface morphology of the AW films changes with the sliding frequency. Round and bigger antiwear pads were formed at a lower frequency while higher frequencies resulted in thinner films and flattened surfaces. Nanomechanical properties of these antiwear films were investigated by nanoindentation measurement and the elastic moduli extracted from force–displacement (f–d) curves are similar for all antiwear films, 100 ± 10 GPa.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dr. Astrid Jürgensen from Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility (CSRF) and to the staff of the Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC), University of Wisconsin, Madison, for their technical support. The National Science Foundation (NSF) is acknowledged for supporting the SRC under Award #NMR-0537588. The authors also thank Imperial Oil, Canada, for the ZDDP concentrate. The authors would like to thank University Machine Shop and Gord Wood for machining and polishing steel coupons at the University of Western Ontario. This work was financially supported by the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and General Motors of Canada Ltd.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7

    Yue-Rong Li, Gavin Pereira, Andreas Lachenwitzer, Masoud Kasrai & Peter R. Norton

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  1. Yue-Rong Li
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  2. Gavin Pereira
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  3. Andreas Lachenwitzer
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  4. Masoud Kasrai
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  5. Peter R. Norton
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Correspondence to Peter R. Norton.

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Li, YR., Pereira, G., Lachenwitzer, A. et al. X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Morphology Study on Antiwear Films Derived from ZDDP Under Different Sliding Frequencies. Tribol Lett 27, 245–253 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-007-9213-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-007-9213-1

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