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Insights into Acetic Acid Binding and Ketene Formation on Anatase TiO2(101)

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Abstract

Understanding the adsorption and reactivity of carboxylic acids on oxide surfaces is of great interest in catalysis for biomass upgrading via ketonization, a carbon–carbon coupling reaction. Herein, we investigate the adsorption and reaction of acetic acid on anatase TiO2(101) using scanning tunneling microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, temperature programmed reaction, and density functional theory calculations. We demonstrate the adsorption of acetic acid can form two intermediates: (1) dissociated, bidentate acetate with an associated bridging hydroxyl, and (2) molecular, monodentate acetic acid. The coexistence of ordered phases with increasing monolayer (ML) saturation coverages consisting of (1) pure acetate (0.5 ML), (2) mixed acetate/acetic acid (0.67 ML), (3) mixed acetate/acetic acid (1.0 ML) and (4) pure acetic acid demonstrates similar energetics for both acetate and acetic acid species. Under ultra-high vacuum conditions, the presence of both monodentate acetic acid and bidentate acetate was observed below room temperature, while solely bidentate acetate was observed up to 575 K. The deprotonation of acetic acid produces water at 280 K, while the thermal decomposition of bidentate acetate produces ketene and acetic acid at 645 K. This model study provides detailed insight into the stability and reactivity of carboxylic acid surface-bound intermediates, which could participate during ketonization reactions for biomass upgrading.

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  • 29 September 2023

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Funding

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Catalysis Science Program, FWP 47319. PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated for DOE by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Computational resources were provided by a user proposal at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center located at Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory.

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  1. Christopher R. O’Connor

    Present address: Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA

  2. Runze Ma

    Present address: Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate and Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA

    Christopher R. O’Connor, Runze Ma, Gregory Collinge, Mal-Soon Lee, Greg A. Kimmel & Zdenek Dohnálek

  2. School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA

    Zdenek Dohnálek

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O’Connor, C.R., Ma, R., Collinge, G. et al. Insights into Acetic Acid Binding and Ketene Formation on Anatase TiO2(101). Top Catal 66, 1087–1101 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-023-01828-1

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