Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is very important to regulate drug doses for cancer patients in the treatment of cancer with drugs. Determination of drugs used as anticancer at low concentrations and determination of them with high sensitivity is of great importance for the follow-up of these drugs. Electrochemical techniques offer a wide variety of detection techniques that provide user-friendly, low-cost, and real-time monitoring compared to other conventional methods and provide low sensitivity and detection limits. By modifying the electrode surfaces with various materials, their sensitivity and detection limits can be increased. This review focuses on new electrocatalytic approaches and current developments for the electrochemical determination of anticancer drugs. In addition, anticancer drugs are classified in detail. Electrochemical sensors used in studies in recent years and verification parameters such as detection limit, linear dynamic range, sensitivity are given in tables.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- AdSDPV:
-
Adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry
- Ag:
-
Silver
- AgNCs:
-
Silver nanocubes
- AuNPs:
-
Gold nanoparticles
- CNTs:
-
Carbon nanotubes
- CPE:
-
Carbon paste electrode
- CV:
-
Cyclic voltammetry
- DPV:
-
Differential pulse voltammetry
- EIS:
-
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
- FE-SEM:
-
Field emission scanning electron microscopy
- FLU:
-
Flutamide
- GC–MS:
-
Mass spectrometry–dependent gas chromatography
- LC–MS:
-
Mass spectrometry–dependent liquid chromatography
- LOD:
-
Limit of detection
- MIP:
-
Molecularly imprinted polymer
- MOFs:
-
Metal–organic frameworks
- MoS2 :
-
Molybdenum disulfide
- MWCNT:
-
Multi-walled carbon nanotube
- NSCLC:
-
Non-small cell lung cancer
- PGNR:
-
Porous graphene nanoribbon
- SCLC:
-
Small cell lung cancer
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscopy
- SPCE:
-
Screen-printed carbon electrode
- SWV:
-
Square wave voltammetry
- SWCNT:
-
Single-walled carbon nanotube
- ZnMn2O4-PGO:
-
ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles decorated porous reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite
References
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I et al (2018) Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 68:394–424. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
Arruebo M, Vilaboa N, Sáez-Gutierrez B et al (2011) Assessment of the evolution of cancer treatment therapies. Cancers (Basel) 3:3279–3330. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers3033279
Ciftci O, Yilmaz KC, Karacaglar E et al (2019) The role of selvester score on 12-lead ECG in determination of left ventricular systolic dysfunction among patients receiving trastuzumab therapy. Eur J Ther 25:69–75. https://doi.org/10.5152/eurjther.2019.18061
Ruiz EJ, Diefenbacher ME, Nelson JK et al (2019) LUBAC determines chemotherapy resistance in squamous cell lung cancer. J Exp Med 216:450–465. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20180742
Konno M, Mitsuzuka K, Yamada S et al (2019) A case of adult metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate cured by long-term chemotherapy with local radiation. Urol Int 102:118–121. https://doi.org/10.1159/000473861
Hoehn RS, Smith JJ (2019) Adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 62:274–278. https://doi.org/10.1097/DCR.0000000000001328
Connor TH, Smith JP (2016) New approaches to wipe sampling methods for antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in healthcare settings. Pharm Technol Hosp Pharm 1:107–114. https://doi.org/10.1515/pthp-2016-0009
Florea A, Guo Z, Cristea C et al (2015) Anticancer drug detection using a highly sensitive molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on an electropolymerized microporous metal organic framework. Talanta 138:71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.013
Cetinkaya A, Topal BD, Atici EB, Ozkan SA (2021) Simple and highly sensitive assay of axitinib in dosage form and biological samples and its electrochemical behavior on the boron-doped diamond and glassy carbon electrodes. Electrochim Acta. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138443
Hajian R, Mehrayin Z, Mohagheghian M et al (2015) Fabrication of an electrochemical sensor based on carbon nanotubes modified with gold nanoparticles for determination of valrubicin as a chemotherapy drug: Valrubicin-DNA interaction. Mater Sci Eng C 49:769–775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.072
Radhapyari K, Kotoky P, Khan R (2013) Detection of anticancer drug tamoxifen using biosensor based on polyaniline probe modified with horseradish peroxidase. Mater Sci Eng C 33:583–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2012.09.021
Radhapyari K, Khan R (2015) Biosensor for detection of selective anticancer drug gemcitabine based on polyaniline-gold nanocomposite. Adv Mater Lett 6:13–18. https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2015.5607
Mohamed MA, Fayed AS, Hegazy MA et al (2019) Fully optimized new sensitive electrochemical sensing platform for the selective determination of antiepileptic drug ezogabine. Microchem J 144:130–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2018.08.062
Jiokeng SLZ, Tonle IK, Walcarius A (2019) Amino-attapulgite/mesoporous silica composite films generated by electro-assisted self-assembly for the voltammetric determination of diclofenac. Sens Actuators B 287:296–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.02.038
Safaei M, Beitollahi H, Shishehbore MR (2019) Modified screen printed electrode for selective determination of folic acid. Acta Chim Slov 66:777–783. https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2018.4629
Ensafi AA, Talkhooncheh BM, Zandi-Atashbar N, Rezaei B (2020) Electrochemical sensing of flutamide contained in plasma and urine matrices using NiFe2O4/rGO nanocomposite, as an efficient and selective electrocatalyst. Electroanalysis 32:1717–1724. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.202000048
Mani V, Shanthi S, Peng TK et al (2019) Real-time quantification of hydrogen peroxide production in living cells using NiCo2S4@CoS2 heterostructure. Sens Actuators B 287:124–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.02.015
Govindasamy M, Shanthi S, Elaiyappillai E et al (2019) Fabrication of hierarchical NiCo2S4@CoS2 nanostructures on highly conductive flexible carbon cloth substrate as a hybrid electrode material for supercapacitors with enhanced electrochemical performance. Electrochim Acta 293:328–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.051
Govindasamy M, Wang SF, Pan WC et al (2019) Facile sonochemical synthesis of perovskite-type SrTiO3 nanocubes with reduced graphene oxide nanocatalyst for an enhanced electrochemical detection of α-amino acid (tryptophan). Ultrason Sonochem 56:193–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.04.004
Pollet BG (2020) The use of power ultrasound and sonochemistry for the production of energy materials. Ultrason Sonochem 64:104851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104851
Cai J, Cao A, Huang J et al (2020) Understanding oxygen vacancies in disorder-engineered surface and subsurface of CaTiO3 nanosheets on photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Appl Catal B 267:118378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118378
Tian X, Lian S, Ji C et al (2019) Enhanced photoluminescence and ultrahigh temperature sensitivity from NaF flux assisted CaTiO3: Pr3+ red emitting phosphor. J Alloys Compd 784:628–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.01.087
Pei J, Meng J, Wu S et al (2019) Hierarchical CaTiO3 nanowire-network architectures for H2 evolution under visible-light irradiation. J Alloys Compd 806:889–896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.07.294
Zhou X, Wang A, Yu C et al (2015) Facile synthesis of molecularly imprinted graphene quantum dots for the determination of dopamine with affinity-adjustable. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:11741–11747. https://doi.org/10.1021/am5078478
Liu H, Mu L, Chen X et al (2017) Core-shell metal-organic frameworks/molecularly imprinted nanoparticles as absorbents for the detection of pyrraline in milk and milk powder. J Agric Food Chem 65:986–992. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05429
Guo T, Deng Q, Fang G et al (2016) Upconversion fluorescence metal-organic frameworks thermo-sensitive imprinted polymer for enrichment and sensing protein. Biosens Bioelectron 79:341–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.040
Liu H, Ni T, Mu L et al (2018) Sensitive detection of pyrraline with a molecularly imprinted sensor based on metal-organic frameworks and quantum dots. Sens Actuators B 256:1038–1044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.10.048
Bougrini M, Florea A, Cristea C et al (2016) Development of a novel sensitive molecularly imprinted polymer sensor based on electropolymerization of a microporous-metal-organic framework for tetracycline detection in honey. Food Control 59:424–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.06.002
Rawool CR, Srivastava AK (2019) A dual template imprinted polymer modified electrochemical sensor based on Cu metal organic framework/mesoporous carbon for highly sensitive and selective recognition of rifampicin and isoniazid. Sens Actuators B 288:493–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.03.032
Karimi-Maleh H, Karimi F, Fu L et al (2022) Cyanazine herbicide monitoring as a hazardous substance by a DNA nanostructure biosensor. J Hazard Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127058
Karaman C, Karaman O, Yola BB et al (2021) A novel electrochemical aflatoxin B1 immunosensor based on gold nanoparticle-decorated porous graphene nanoribbon and Ag nanocube-incorporated MoS2 nanosheets. New J Chem 45:11222–11233. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1nj02293h
Liang X, Wu P, Yang Q et al (2021) An update of new small-molecule anticancer drugs approved from 2015 to 2020. Eur J Med Chem 220:113473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113473
Liang X, Yang Q, Wu P et al (2021) The synthesis review of the approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors for anticancer therapy in 2015–2020. Bioorg Chem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105011
Espinosa E, Zamora P, Feliu J, González Barón M (2003) Classification of anticancer drugs—a new system based on therapeutic targets. Cancer Treat Rev 29:515–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-7372(03)00116-6
Sun J, Wei Q, Zhou Y et al (2017) A systematic analysis of FDA-approved anticancer drugs. BMC Syst Biol. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12918-017-0464-7
Avendaño C, Menéndez JC (2015) General aspects of cancer chemotherapy. In: Medicinal chemistry of anticancer drugs, pp 1–22
Kwok KK, Vincent EC, Gibson JN (2017) Antineoplastic drugs. In: pharmacology and therapeutics for dentistry, 7th ed. Elsevier, pp 530–562
Katzung BG, Trevor AJ (2015) Basic & clinical pharmacology, 13th ed
Henry JR, Mader MM (2004) Recent advances in antimetabolite cancer chemotherapies. In: Plattner JJ (ed) Annual reports in medicinal chemistry. Elsevier, pp 159–172
Hanekamp D, Ngai LL, Janssen JJWM et al (2021) Early assessment of clofarabine effectiveness based on measurable residual disease, including AML stem cells. Blood 137:1694–1697. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2020007150
Buie LW, Epstein SS, Lindley CM (2007) Nelarabine: a novel purine antimetabolite antineoplastic agent. Clin Ther 29:1887–1899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.09.002
Bardal SK, Waechter JE, Martin DS (2011) Neoplasia. In: Applied pharmacology. Saunders, pp 305–324
Kuroda S, Kagawa S, Fujiwara T (2013) Selectively replicating oncolytic adenoviruses combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or molecular targeted therapy for treatment of human cancers. In: Gene therapy of cancer: translational approaches from preclinical studies to clinical ımplementation, 3rd edn. Elsevier Inc, pp 171–183
Cragg GM, Newman DJ (2010) Nature as source of medicines; novel drugs from nature; screening for antitumor activity. In: Comprehensive natural products II: Chemistry and biology, pp 135–175
Moukharskaya J, Verschraegen C (2012) Topoisomerase 1 Inhibitors and Cancer Therapy. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 26:507–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hoc.2012.03.002
Mosca L, Ilari A, Fazi F et al (2021) Taxanes in cancer treatment: activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Drug Resist Updat 54:100742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drup.2020.100742
Rodrigues-Ferreira S, Moindjie H, Haykal MM, Nahmias C (2021) Predicting and overcoming taxane chemoresistance. Trends Mol Med 27:138–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2020.09.007
Tsuji W, Plock JA (2017) Breast cancer metastasis. Introd to Cancer Metastasis. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804003-4.00002-5
Li T, Chen X, Wan J et al (2021) Akt ınhibition ımproves the efficacy of cabazitaxel nanomedicine in preclinical taxane-resistant cancer models. Int J Pharm 607:121017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121017
González-Burgos E, Gómez-Serranillos MP (2021) Vinca alkaloids as chemotherapeutic agents against breast cancer. In: Discovery and development of anti-breast cancer agents from natural products. Elsevier Inc, pp 69–101
Zhang Y, Yang SH, Guo XL (2017) New insights into Vinca alkaloids resistance mechanism and circumvention in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 96:659–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.041
Bergstralh DT, Ting JPY (2006) Microtubule stabilizing agents: their molecular signaling consequences and the potential for enhancement by drug combination. Cancer Treat Rev 32:166–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2006.01.004
Cao DS, Jiang SL, Di GY et al (2020) A multi-scale systems pharmacology approach uncovers the anti-cancer molecular mechanism of Ixabepilone. Eur J Med Chem 199:112421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112421
Tanni KA, Truong CB, Johnson BS, Qian J (2021) Comparative effectiveness and safety of eribulin in advanced or metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 163:103375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103375
Furman BL (2017) Plicamycin. In: Reference module in biomedical sciences. Elsevier, pp 1–4
Galm U, Hager MH, Van Lanen SG et al (2005) Antitumor antibiotics: bleomycin, enediynes, and mitomycin. Chem Rev 105:739–758. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr030117g
Lajous H, Lelièvre B, Vauléon E et al (2019) Rethinking alkylating(-like) agents for solid tumor management. Trends Pharmacol Sci 40:342–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2019.03.003
Marosi C (2012) Complications of chemotherapy in neuro-oncology. In: Handbook of clinical neurology, 1st ed. Elsevier B.V, pp 873–885
Karami F, Ranjbar S, Ghasemi Y, Negahdaripour M (2019) Analytical methodologies for determination of methotrexate and its metabolites in pharmaceutical, biological and environmental samples. J Pharm Anal 9:373–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2019.06.001
Safaei M, Shishehbore MR (2021) A review on analytical methods with special reference to electroanalytical methods for the determination of some anticancer drugs in pharmaceutical and biological samples. Talanta 229:122247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122247
Bharath G, Naldoni A, Ramsait KH et al (2016) Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of gold nanoparticles on hydroxyapatite nanorods for sensitive hydrazine sensors. J Mater Chem A 4:6385–6394. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA01528J
Kubendhiran S, Sakthivel R, Chen SM et al (2019) A novel design and synthesis of ruthenium sulfide decorated activated graphite nanocomposite for the electrochemical determination of antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine. Composites B 168:282–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.082
Saravanan R, Khan MM, Gupta VK et al (2015) ZnO/Ag/Mn2O3 nanocomposite for visible light-induced industrial textile effluent degradation, uric acid and ascorbic acid sensing and antimicrobial activity. RSC Adv 5:34645–34651. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra02557e
Khorshed AA, Khairy M, Elsafty SA, Banks CE (2019) Disposable screen-printed electrodes modified with uniform iron oxide nanocubes for the simple electrochemical determination of meclizine, an antihistamine drug. Anal Methods 11:282–287. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ay02405g
Shahzad S, Karadurmus L, Dogan-Topal B et al (2020) Sensitive nucleic acid detection at NH2-MWCNTs modified glassy carbon electrode and its application for monitoring of gemcitabine-DNA interaction. Electroanalysis 32:912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201900597
Sener CE, Dogan Topal B, Ozkan SA (2020) Effect of monomer structure of anionic surfactant on voltammetric signals of an anticancer drug: rapid, simple, and sensitive electroanalysis of nilotinib in biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 412:8073–8081. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02934-9
Dehdashtian S, Behbahanian N, Taherzadeh KM (2018) An ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor for direct determination of anticancer drug dacarbazine based on multiwall carbon nanotube-modified carbon paste electrode and application in pharmaceutical sample. J Iran Chem Soc 15:931–941. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-018-1291-5
Shams A, Yari A (2019) A new sensor consisting of Ag-MWCNT nanocomposite as the sensing element for electrochemical determination of Epirubicin. Sens Actuators B 286:131–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.01.128
Karadas-Bakirhan N, Patris S, Ozkan SA et al (2016) Determination of the anticancer drug sorafenib in serum by adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry using a chitosan/multiwall carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode. Electroanalysis 28:358–365. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201500384
Kalambate PK, Li Y, Shen Y, Huang Y (2019) Mesoporous Pd@Pt core-shell nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a sensing platform: application in simultaneous electrochemical detection of anticancer drugs doxorubicin and dasatinib. Anal Methods 11:443–453. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ay02381f
Findik M, Bingol H, Erdem A (2021) Electrochemical detection of interaction between daunorubicin and DNA by hybrid nanoflowers modified graphite electrodes. Sens Actuators B 329:129120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.129120
Najari S, Bagheri H, Monsef-Khoshhesab Z et al (2018) Electrochemical sensor based on gold nanoparticle-multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposite for the sensitive determination of docetaxel as an anticancer drug. Ionics (Kiel) 24:3209–3219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-018-2517-3
Hasanzadeh M, Hashemzadeh N, Shadjou N, Eivazi-ziaei J (2016) Sensing of doxorubicin hydrochloride using graphene quantum dot modified glassy carbon electrode. J Mol Liq 221:354–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.05.082
Bakirhan NK, Tok TT, Ozkan SA (2019) The redox mechanism investigation of non-small cell lung cancer drug: erlotinib via theoretical and experimental techniques and its host–guest detection by Β-Cyclodextrin nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. Sensors Actuators B 278:172–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.09.090
Hatamluyi B, Lorestani F, Es’haghi Z (2018) Au/Pd@rGO nanocomposite decorated with poly (L-Cysteine) as a probe for simultaneous sensitive electrochemical determination of anticancer drugs, Ifosfamide and Etoposide. Biosens Bioelectron 120:22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.008
Muthusankar G, Devi RK, Gopu G (2020) Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots embedded Co3O4 with multiwall carbon nanotubes: an efficient probe for the simultaneous determination of anticancer and antibiotic drugs. Biosens Bioelectron 150:111947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.111947
Mehrabi A, Rahimnejad M, Mohammadi M, Pourali M (2019) Electrochemical detection of flutamide with gold electrode as an anticancer drug. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 22:101375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101375
Haghshenas M, Mazloum-Ardakani M, Alizadeh Z et al (2020) A sensing platform using Ag/Pt core-shell nanostructures supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes to detect hydroxyurea. Electroanalysis 32:2137–2145. https://doi.org/10.1002/ELAN.202060020
Azam TM, Abbas M, Masoud TM, Maryam M (2017) Voltammetric determination of the anticancer drug hydroxyurea using a carbon paste electrode ıncorporating TiO2 nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Electrochem 9:117–125
Kaya SI, Kurbanoglu S, Yavuz E et al (2020) Carbon-based ruthenium nanomaterial-based electroanalytical sensors for the detection of anticancer drug Idarubicin. Sci Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68055-6
Temerk Y, Ibrahim M, Ibrahim H, Kotb M (2016) Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of anticancer drug lomustine in biological fluids using in situ mercury film coated graphite pencil electrode. J Electroanal Chem 760:135–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.11.026
Salandari-Jolge N, Ensafi AA, Rezaei B (2020) A novel three-dimensional network of CuCr2O4/CuO nanofibers for voltammetric determination of anticancer drug methotrexate. Anal Bioanal Chem 412:2443–2453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02461-7
Saljooqi A, Shamspur T, Mostafavi A (2019) The MWCNT-Ag-PT GCE electrochemical sensor functionalized with dsDNA for mitoxantrone sensing in biological media. IEEE Sens J 19:4364–4368. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2019.2897375
Kuralay F, Dükar N (2020) Polypyrrole-based nanohybrid electrodes: their preparation and potential use for DNA recognition and paclitaxel quantification. ChemistrySelect 5:4708–4714. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201904253
Ozcelikay G, Karadas-Bakirhan N, Taskin-Tok T, Ozkan SA (2020) A selective and molecular imaging approach for anticancer drug: pemetrexed by nanoparticle accelerated molecularly imprinting polymer. Electrochim Acta 354:136665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136665
Shafaei S, Hosseinzadeh E, Kanberoglu GS et al (2021) Preparation of cerium oxide–MWCNTs nanocomposite bulk modified carbon ceramic electrode: a sensitive sensor for tamoxifen determination in human serum samples. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 32:14601–14609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06019-w
Niazazari K, Pahlavan A, Karimi-Maleh H, Fouladi AA (2020) Synthesis of Pt-SWCNTs conductive nanocomposite by microwave heated polyol strategy; application for amplification of 5-fluorouracil anticancer drug electrochemical sensor. Anal Bioanal Electrochem 12:959–969
Abbar JC, Shetti NP, Nandibewoor ST (2016) Development of voltammetric method for the determination of an anticancer drug, 5-flurouracil, at a multiwalled carbon nanotubes paste electrode. Synth React Inorganic Met Nano-Metal Chem 46:814–820. https://doi.org/10.1080/15533174.2014.989586
Venkatesh K, Muthukutty B, Chen SM et al (2021) Nanomolar level detection of non-steroidal antiandrogen drug flutamide based on ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles decorated porous reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite electrode. J Hazard Mater 405:124096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124096
Kesavan G, Chen SM (2021) Highly sensitive manganese oxide/hexagonal boron nitride nanocomposite: an efficient electrocatalyst for the detection of anti-cancer drug flutamide. Microchem J 163:105906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.105906
Acknowledgements
Ahmet Cetinkaya thanks the financial supports from the Council of Higher Education 100/2000 (YOK) under the special 100/2000 and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK) under the BIDEB/2211-A Ph.D. Scholarship Programmes.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cetinkaya, A., Karadurmus, L., Kaya, S.I. et al. Electrochemical Sensing of Anticancer Drug Using New Electrocatalytic Approach. Top Catal 65, 703–715 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-021-01536-8
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-021-01536-8