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Key Structural Transformations and Kinetics of Pt Nanoparticles in PEFC Pt/C Electrocatalysts by a Simultaneous Operando Time-Resolved QXAFS–XRD Technique

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Abstract

This account article treats with the key structural transformations and kinetics of Pt nanoparticles in Pt/C cathode catalysts under transient voltage operations (0.4 VRHE→1.4 VRHE→0.4 VRHE) by simultaneous operando time-resolved QXAFS–XRD measurements, summarizing and analyzing our previous kinetic data in more detail and discussing on the key reaction steps and rate constants for the performance and durability of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC). The time-resolved QXAFS–XRD measurements were conducted at each acquisition time of 20 ms, while measuring the current/charge of the PEFC. The rate constants for the transient responses of Pt valence, CN(Pt–O) (CN: coordination number), CN(Pt–Pt), and Pt metallic-phase core size under the transient voltage operations were determined by the combined time-resolved QXAFS‒XRD technique. The relationship of the structural kinetics with the performance and durability of the PEFC Pt/C was also documented as key issues for the development of next-generation PEFCs. The present account emphasizes the time-resolved QXAFS and XRD techniques to be a powerful technique to analyze directly the structural and electronic change of metal nanoparticles inside PEFC under the operating conditions.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) of the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI), Japan. XAFS measurements were conducted at BL36XU beamline in SPring-8 (No. 2013A7802, 2013B7806, 2014A7801, 2014A7805, 2014B7801, 2014B7803, 2014B7805, 2015A7803, 2015A7804, 2015A7840, 2015B7801, 2015B7803, 2015B7805, 2015B7840, 2016A7801, 2016A7802, 2016A7803, 2016A7840, 2016B7801, 2016B7803, 2016B7806, and 2016B7840, 2017A7801, 2017A7803, 2017A7806, 2017A7841).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Innovation Research Center for Fuel Cells, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan

    Oki Sekizawa, Takuma Kaneko, Kotaro Higashi, Shinobu Takao, Yusuke Yoshida, Takao Gunji, Xiao Zhao, Gabor Samjeské, Tomohiro Sakata, Tomoya Uruga & Yasuhiro Iwasawa

  2. Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Spring-8, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan

    Oki Sekizawa & Tomoya Uruga

  3. Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan

    Yasuhiro Iwasawa

Authors
  1. Oki Sekizawa
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  2. Takuma Kaneko
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  3. Kotaro Higashi
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  4. Shinobu Takao
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  5. Yusuke Yoshida
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  6. Takao Gunji
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  7. Xiao Zhao
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  8. Gabor Samjeské
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  9. Tomohiro Sakata
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  10. Tomoya Uruga
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  11. Yasuhiro Iwasawa
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yasuhiro Iwasawa.

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Sekizawa, O., Kaneko, T., Higashi, K. et al. Key Structural Transformations and Kinetics of Pt Nanoparticles in PEFC Pt/C Electrocatalysts by a Simultaneous Operando Time-Resolved QXAFS–XRD Technique. Top Catal 61, 889–901 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-018-0934-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-018-0934-1

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