Key Structural Transformations and Kinetics of Pt Nanoparticles in PEFC Pt/C Electrocatalysts by a Simultaneous Operando Time-Resolved QXAFS–XRD Technique

  • Oki Sekizawa
  • Takuma Kaneko
  • Kotaro Higashi
  • Shinobu Takao
  • Yusuke Yoshida
  • Takao Gunji
  • Xiao Zhao
  • Gabor Samjeské
  • Tomohiro Sakata
  • Tomoya Uruga
  • Yasuhiro Iwasawa
Original Paper
First Online:

Abstract

This account article treats with the key structural transformations and kinetics of Pt nanoparticles in Pt/C cathode catalysts under transient voltage operations (0.4 VRHE→1.4 VRHE→0.4 VRHE) by simultaneous operando time-resolved QXAFS–XRD measurements, summarizing and analyzing our previous kinetic data in more detail and discussing on the key reaction steps and rate constants for the performance and durability of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC). The time-resolved QXAFS–XRD measurements were conducted at each acquisition time of 20 ms, while measuring the current/charge of the PEFC. The rate constants for the transient responses of Pt valence, CN(Pt–O) (CN: coordination number), CN(Pt–Pt), and Pt metallic-phase core size under the transient voltage operations were determined by the combined time-resolved QXAFS‒XRD technique. The relationship of the structural kinetics with the performance and durability of the PEFC Pt/C was also documented as key issues for the development of next-generation PEFCs. The present account emphasizes the time-resolved QXAFS and XRD techniques to be a powerful technique to analyze directly the structural and electronic change of metal nanoparticles inside PEFC under the operating conditions.

Graphical Abstract

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Keywords

Simultaneous operando time-resolved QXAFS–XRD measurements Pt/C cathode catalyst Polymer electrolyte fuel cell Mechanism and structural kinetics Performance and durability 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) of the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI), Japan. XAFS measurements were conducted at BL36XU beamline in SPring-8 (No. 2013A7802, 2013B7806, 2014A7801, 2014A7805, 2014B7801, 2014B7803, 2014B7805, 2015A7803, 2015A7804, 2015A7840, 2015B7801, 2015B7803, 2015B7805, 2015B7840, 2016A7801, 2016A7802, 2016A7803, 2016A7840, 2016B7801, 2016B7803, 2016B7806, and 2016B7840, 2017A7801, 2017A7803, 2017A7806, 2017A7841).

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  • Oki Sekizawa
    • 1
    • 2
  • Takuma Kaneko
    • 1
  • Kotaro Higashi
    • 1
  • Shinobu Takao
    • 1
  • Yusuke Yoshida
    • 1
  • Takao Gunji
    • 1
  • Xiao Zhao
    • 1
  • Gabor Samjeské
    • 1
  • Tomohiro Sakata
    • 1
  • Tomoya Uruga
    • 1
    • 2
  • Yasuhiro Iwasawa
    • 1
    • 3
  1. 1.Innovation Research Center for Fuel CellsThe University of Electro-CommunicationsTokyoJapan
  2. 2.Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Spring-8SayoJapan
  3. 3.Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and EngineeringThe University of Electro-CommunicationsTokyoJapan

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