Abstract
The ageing conditions were analyzed with gasoline, diesel and natural gas (NG) catalysts to find the simplified, rapid thermal and chemical (sulfur) ageing methods for catalyst development. Rich-stoichiometric conditions prevented the deactivation of TWCs in gasoline and NG applications. Active metals and support are sintered thermally during short lean periods by increasing deactivation as a function of oxygen concentration. Air ageing for 3–10 h is an appropriate rapid ageing method for TWCs. Active regeneration conditions for DPF with a higher carbon concentration deactivated DOCs less than normal diesel exhaust conditions at 700 °C. Natural gas oxidation catalysts were sulfated in use conditions but almost complete recovery was possible above 600 °C with higher methane feeds at lean. In addition to sulfur, other chemical poisoning was also included in the rapid ageing methods by fittings to the diesel and NG field aged catalysts.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- ATS:
-
After-treatment system
- CPF:
-
Catalyzed particulate fliter
- DOC:
-
Diesel oxidation catalyst
- DPF:
-
Diesel particulate filter
- EGA:
-
Exhaust gas ageing
- EGAL:
-
Exhaust gas ageing-low HC
- FSCR:
-
Filter with SCR coating
- HC:
-
Hydrocarbons
- HDD:
-
Heavy-duty diesel
- HDLG:
-
Heavy-duty lean gas
- HDSG:
-
Heavy-duty stoichiometric gas
- HTx:
-
Hydrothermal ageing at x °C, where x = 700–900
- LDD:
-
Light-duty diesel
- LDG:
-
Light-duty gasoline/gas
- LG:
-
Lean gas
- LNT:
-
Lean NOx trap
- MOC:
-
Methane oxidation catalyst
- NG:
-
Natural gas
- RAH2:
-
Rapid ageing with two parallel converters
- PGM:
-
Platinum group metals like platinum, palladium and rhodium
- PM:
-
Particulate matter
- +S:
-
Sulfation
- −S:
-
Desulfation
- SCR:
-
Selective catalytic reduction
- SV:
-
Space velocity, exhaust gas flow rate/catalyst volume, h−1
- THC:
-
Total hydrocarbons
- TWC:
-
Three-way catalyst
References
Brisley RJ, O’Sullivan RD, Wilkins AJJ (1991) SAE Paper 910175
Muraki H, Shinjoh H, Fujitani Y (1986) Appl Catal 27:325
Rohe R, Pitchon V, Maire G (1998) CAPOC IV Stud Surf Sci Catal 116:147
Schlatter JC, Sinkevitch R, Mitchell PJ (1983) Ind Eng Chem Prod Res Dev 22:51
Maunula T, Savimäki A, Viitanen A, Kinnunen T, Kanniainen K (2013) SAE Paper 2013-01-0796
Maunula T, Matilainen P, Louhelainen M, Juvonen P, Kinnunen T (2007) SAE Paper 2007-01-0041
Maunula T, Suopanki A, Torkkell K, Härkönen M (2004) SAE Paper 2004-01-3021
Kallinen K, Moreno A, Savimäki A, Kinnunen T-JJ (2009) SAE Paper 2009-26-018
Maunula T, Vakkilainen A, Lievonen A, Torkkell K, Niskanen K, Härkönen M (1999) SAE Paper 1999-01-3625
Kallinen K, Suopanki A, Härkönen M (2005) Catal Today 100:223
Gonzalez-Marcos M, Pereda B, LaTorre U, Gonzalez-Velasco J (2013) Topics Catal 56(1–8):352
Liu DR, Park JS (1993) Appl Catal B 2:49
Lambert JK, Shahjahan KM, Farrauto RJ (1997) Appl Catal B 14:211
Mowery DL, McCormick RL (2001) Appl Catal B 34:287
Kinnunen N, Kinnunen T, Kallinen K (2013) SAE Paper 2013-24-0155
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Maunula, T., Kallinen, K., Savimäki, A. et al. Durability Evaluations and Rapid Ageing Methods in Commercial Emission Catalyst Development for Diesel, Natural Gas and Gasoline Applications. Top Catal 59, 1049–1053 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-016-0588-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-016-0588-9