Abstract
Ordered mesoporous carbons with semi-graphitized walls (OMCs-SGW) were successfully obtained by in situ silica-confined thermal decomposition of methane at low temperatures (800–1000 °C). This novel method, adopting ordered mesoporous silicas (OMSs) as hard templates, impregnating OMSs with small amounts of group VIII metal (Fe, Co, Ni) nitrates as catalysts, combining pore infiltration and carbonization/graphitization processes into a single step, provides an efficient way for the synthesis of OMCs-SGW. Methane, a special carbon precursor with small molecular size, is adopted because it allows complete penetration, and full carbon deposition inside the mesopores and is an easy graphitization process at low temperature assisted by catalysts. Two mesoporous silica materials, SBA-15 with hexagonal structure (p6m) and KIT-6 with cubic bicontinuous structure (Ia3d), were used as hard templates. SAXS patterns and TEM results show that the obtained carbon materials are faithfully replicated from the mesostructures of silica templates. Their pore walls are semi-graphitized and little structural shrinkage and negligible micropores are observed. The textural, structural properties and degree of graphitization of the OMCs-SGW can be conveniently tuned by controlling the temperature, namely, higher temperatures (e.g. 1000 °C) lead to products with more ordered and graphitized frameworks, but lower surface areas and pore volumes (about 390 m2/g and 0.45 cm3/g), while lower temperature (800 °C) results in products with less ordered and graphitized structures, but very high surface areas and pore volumes (up to 1200 m2/g and 2.08 cm3/g). OMCs-SGW can also be synthesized without catalysts. They have higher surface areas and pore volumes but much lower graphitized structures than the counterparts synthesized with catalysts. These OMCs-SGW show good hydrogen uptake capabilities (up to ~2 wt% at 10 bar and 77 K).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ryoo R, Joo SH, Jun S (1999) J Phys Chem B 103:7743
Hartmann M, Vinu A, Chandrasekar G (2005) Chem Mater 17:829
Dillon AC, Jones KM, Bekkedahl TA, Kiang CH, Bethune DS, Heben MJ (1997) Nature 386:377
Yang Z, Xia Y, Mokaya R (2004) Adv Mater 16:727
Kang M, Yi SH, Lee HI, Yie JE, Kim JM (2002) Chem Commun 1944
Li ZJ, Yan WF, Dai S (2005) Langmuir 21:11999
Li ZJ, Dai S (2005) Chem Mater 17:1717
Che SN, Garcia-Bennett AE, Liu XY, Hodgkins RP, Wright PA, Zhao DY, Terasaki O, Tatsumi T (2003) Angew Chem Int Ed 42:3930
Kleitz F, Choi SH, Ryoo R (2003) Chem Commun 2136
Kim TW, Kleitz F, Paul B, Ryoo R (2005) J Am Chem Soc 127:7601
Fan J, Yu CZ, Gao T, Lei J, Tian BZ, Wang LM, Luo Q, Tu B, Zhou WZ, Zhao DY (2003) Angew Chem Int Ed 42:3146
Ryoo R, Joo SH, Kruk M, Jaroniec M (2001) Adv Mater 13:677
Jun S, Joo SH, Ryoo R, Kruk M, Jaroniec M, Liu Z, Ohsuna T, Terasaki O (2000) J Am Chem Soc 122:10712
Joo SH, Choi SJ, Oh I, Kwak J, Liu Z, Terasaki O, Ryoo R (2001) Nature 412:169
Kaneda M, Tsubakiyama T, Carlsson A, Sakamoto Y, Ohsuna T, Terasaki O, Joo SH, Ryoo R (2002) J Phys Chem B 106:1256
Vix-Guterl C, Boulard S, Parmentier J, Werckmann J, Patarin J (2002) Chem Lett 1062
Kim JY, Yoon SB, Yu JS (2003) Chem Mater 15:1932
Zhang WH, Liang CH, Sun HJ, Shen ZQ, Guan YJ, Ying PL, Li C (2002) Adv Mater 14:1776
Xia YD, Mokaya R (2004) Adv Mater 16:886
Liang CD, Dai S (2006) J Am Chem Soc 128(16):5316
Tanaka S, Nishiyama N, Egashira Y, Ueyama K (2005) Chem Commun 2125
Zhang FQ, Meng Y, Gu D, Yan Y, Yu CZ, Tu B, Zhao DY (2005) J Am Chem Soc 127:13508
Meng Y, Gu D, Zhang FQ, Shi YF, Yang HF, Li Z, Yu CZ, Tu B, Zhao DY (2005) Angew Chem Int Ed 44:7053
Meng Y, Gu D, Zhang FQ, Shi YF, Cheng L, Feng D, Wu ZX, Chen ZX, Wan Y, Stein A, Zhao DY (2006) Chem Mater 18:4447
Huang Y, Cai HQ, Yu T, Zhang FQ, Zhang F, Meng Y, Gu D, Wan Y, Sun XL, Tu B, Zhao DY (2007) Angew Chem Int Ed 46:1089–1093
Journet C, Maser WK, Bernier P, Loiseau A, de la Chapelle ML, Lefrant S, Deniard P, Lee R, Fischer JE (1997) Nature 388:756
Saito Y, Matsumoto T (1998) Nature 392:237
Choi M, Altman IS, Kim YJ, Pikhitsa PV, Lee S, Park GS, Jeong T, Yoo JB (2004) Adv Mater 16:1721
Fuertes AB, Alvarez S (2004) Carbon 42:3049
Kim TW, Park IS, Ryoo R (2003) Angew Chem Int Ed 42:4375
Kim SS, Pauly TR, Pinnavaia TJ (2000) Chem Commun 1661
Yang HF, Yan Y, Liu Y, Zhang FQ, Zhang RY, Meng Y, Li M, Xie SH, Tu B, Zhao DY (2004) J Phys Chem B 108:17320
Xia YD, Mokaya R (2004) Adv Mater 16:1553
Xia YD, Mokaya R (2005) Chem Mater 17:1553
Zhao DY, Huo QS, Stuky GD, Feng J, Melosh N, Fredrickson GH (1998) Science 279:548
Zhao DY, Feng JL, Huo QS, Melosh N, Fredrickson GH, Chmelka BF, Stucky GD (1998) J Am Chem Soc 120:6024
Kleitz F, Choi S, Ryoo R (2003) Chem Commun 17:2136
Mochida I, Korai Y, Ku CH, Watanabe F, Sakai Y (2000) Carbon 38:305
Dumont M, Chollon G, Dourges MA, Pailler R, Bourrat X, Naslain R, Bruneel JL, Couzi M (2002) Carbon 40:1475
Cassiers K, Linssen T, Mathieu M, Benjelloun M, Schrijnemakers K, Van Der Voort P, Cool P, Vansant EF (2002) Chem Mater 14:2317
Terres E, Panella B, Hayashi T, Kim YA, Endo M, Dominguez JM, Hirscher M, Terrones H, Terrones M (2005) Chem Phys Lett 403:363
Yang Z, Xia Y, Sun X, Mokaya R (2006) J Phys Chem B 110:18424
Yang Z, Xia Y, Mokaya R (2007) J Am Chem Soc 129:1673
Pang J, Hampsey JE, Wu Z, Hu Q, Lu Y (2004) Appl Phys Lett 85:4887
Xia K, Gao Q, Wu C, Song S, Ruan M (2007) Carbon 45:1989
Wang Y, Korai Y, Mochida I, Nagayama K, Hatano H, Fukuda N (2001) Carbon 39:1627
Liang C, Li Z, Dai S (2008) Angew Chem Int Ed 47:3696
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the NSF of China (20721063, 20890123 and 20521140450), the State Key Basic Research Program of PRC (2006CB932302 and 2006CB202502), Shanghai Sci. & Tech. Committee (06DJ14006 and 08DZ2270500), Shanghai Nanotech Promotion Center (0652nm024), Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B108) and Australian Research Council (Discovery Project No. DP0773160).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, Z., Yang, Y., Gu, D. et al. Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Materials with Semi-Graphitized Walls via Direct In-situ Silica-Confined Thermal Decomposition of CH4 and Their Hydrogen Storage Properties. Top Catal 52, 12–26 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-008-9134-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-008-9134-8