Abstract
One methods of cooling electronic components is embedding microchannels in these devices. In these microchannels, the rate of heat transfer can be increased by making changes in their geometry. In this paper, the use of porous ribs on the microchannel wall to increase the heat transfer rate has been studied. For this purpose, the governing equations including continuity, momentum and energy based on Fortchimer–Brinkman–Darcy equations are solved numerically using a control volume method. The velocity field is solved using the SIMPLE method. The periodic boundary condition is applied for the inlet and outlet of the channel and the constant heat flux boundary condition is applied on the walls. The obtained results are compared to the analytical results and a good agreement is observed. Two types of arrangements are considered for the ribs. For both types, the results show an increase in pressure drop and heat transfer rate in the presence of the ribs compared to simple channels. The main purpose of this study is to find the optimum height of ribs for both arrangements. In the first type of arrangement, the ratio of rib height to microchannel height is 0.167 or 0.292 depend on the Reynolds number for the optimal state, and for the second type of arrangement, is 0.167.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- A :
-
Non-dimensional height of the porous rib
- B :
-
Non-dimensional width of the porous rib
- C F :
-
Inertia coefficient
- Cp :
-
Heat capacity, kJ kg−1 K−1
- Da:
-
Darcy number
- F :
-
Friction coefficient
- H :
-
Height of the microchannel, m
- H :
-
Heat transfer coefficient W m−2 K−1
- K :
-
Thermal conductivity, W m−1 K−1
- k p :
-
Permeability, m2
- k eff :
-
Effective thermal conductivity, W m−1 K−1
- L :
-
Channel length, m
- Nu:
-
Nusselt number
- p, P :
-
Non-dimensional and dimensional pressure, Pa
- Pe:
-
Peclet number
- Pr:
-
Prandtl number
- q″:
-
Heat flux
- Re:
-
Reynolds number
- T :
-
Non-dimensional temperature
- U, V :
-
Velocity component in x, y directions, m s−1
- u, v :
-
Non-dimensional velocity component in x, y directions
- X, Y :
-
X, y coordinate, m
- x, y :
-
Non-dimensional x, y coordinate
- \(\varepsilon\) :
-
Porosity
- \(\theta\) :
-
Temperature, K
- \(\lambda\) :
-
Periodic length, m
- \(\mu\) :
-
Dynamic viscosity, Pa s
- \(\rho\) :
-
Density, kg m−3
- *:
-
Non-dimensional channel length
- B:
-
Fluid bulk value
- dn:
-
Down wall
- F:
-
Fluid
- In:
-
Inlet
- S:
-
Solid (porous)
- up:
-
Upper wall
- W:
-
Wall
- X:
-
Local Nusselt number
References
Bahiraei, M., Jamshidmofid, M., Dahari, M.: Second law analysis of hybrid nanofluid flow in a microchannel heat sink integrated with ribs and secondary channels for utilization in miniature thermal devices. Chem. Eng. Process. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2020.107963
Bejan, A.: Convection Heat Transfer, 4th edn. Wiley, Hoboken (2013)
Chuan, L., Wang, X.D., Wang, T.H., Yan, W.M.: Fluid flow and heat transfer in microchannel heat sink based on porous fin design concept. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 65, 52–57 (2015)
Gee, D., Webb, R.: Forced convection heat transfer in helically rib-roughened tubes. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 23, 1127–1136 (1980)
Gerami, A., Alzahid, Y., Mostaghimi, P., Kashaninejad, N., Kazemifar, F., Amirian, T., Mosavat, N., Ebrahimi Warkiani, M., Armstrong, R.T.: Microfluidics for porous systems: fabrication, microscopy and applications. Transp. Porous Media 130, 277–304 (2019)
Hadim, H., North, M.: Forced convection in a sintered porous channel with inlet and outlet slots. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 44, 33–42 (2005)
Holman, J.P.: Heat Transfer, 8th edn., pp. 218–282. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York (1997)
Hung, T.C., Hung, Y.X., Yan, W.M.: Thermal performance analysis of porous-microchannel heat sinks with different configuration design. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 66, 235–243 (2013a)
Hung, T.C., Hung, Y.X., Yan, W.M.: Thermal performance of porous-microchannel heat sink: effect of enlarging channel outlet. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 48, 86–92 (2013b)
Incropera, F.P.: Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. Wiley, Hoboken (2007)
Kays, W.M., Crawford, M.E.: Convection Heat and Mass Transfer, 2nd edn. Mc Graw-Hill, New York (1980)
Lauriat, G., Vafai, K.: Forced convection and heat transfer through a porous medium exposed to a flat plate or a channel. In: Kakac, S., Kilkis, B., Kulacki, F.A., Arinc, F. (eds.) Convective Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media, pp. 289–327. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1991)
Li, X.Y., Wang, S.L., Wang, X.D., Wang, T.H.: Selected porous-ribs design for performance improvement in double-layered microchannel heat sinks. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 137, 616–626 (2019)
Li, F., Ma, Q., Xin, G., Zhang, J., Wang, X.: Heat transfer and flow characteristics of microchannels with solid and porous ribs. Appl. Therm. Eng. 178, 115639 (2020)
Lu, G., Zhao, J., Lin, L., Wang, X.D., Yan, W.M.: a new scheme for reduction pressure drop and thermal resistance simultaneously in microchannel heat sinks with wavy porous fins. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 111, 1071–1078 (2017)
Moosavi, R., Banihashemi, M., Lin, C.X.: Thermal performance evaluation of a microchannel with different porous media insert configurations. Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow (2021a). https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-02-2021-0104
Moosavi, R., Banihashemi, M., Lin, C.X., Chuang, P.A.: Combined effects of a microchannel with porous media and transversevortex generators (TVG) on convective heat transfer performance. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 166, 106961 (2021)
Nojoomizadeh, M., Karimipour, A., Firouzi, M., Afrand, M.: Investigation of permeability and porosity effects on the slip velocity and convection heat transfer rate of Fe3O4/water nanofluid in a microchannel while its lower half filled by a porous medium. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 119, 891–906 (2018a)
Nojoomizadeh, M., D’Orazio, A., Karimipour, A., Afrand, M., Goodarzi, M.: Investigation of permeability effect on slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions for FMWNT/water nanofluid flow and heat transfer inside a microchannel filled by a porous media. Phys. E Low Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 97, 226–238 (2018b)
Patankar, S.V., Spalding, D.B.: A calculation procedure for heat, mass and momentum transfer in three-dimensional parabolic flows. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 15, 1787–1806 (1972)
Pavel, B.I., Mohamad, A.A.: An experimental and numerical study on heat transfer enhancement for gas heat exchangers fitted with porous media. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 47, 4939–4952 (2004)
Rhie, C.M., Chow, W.L.: Numerical study of the turbulent flow past an airfoil with trading edge separation. AIAA J. 21(11), 1525–1535 (1983)
Rostami, J., Abbassi, A., Saffar-Avval, M.: Optimization of conjugate heat transfer in wavy walls microchannels. Appl. Therm. Eng. 82, 318–328 (2015)
Rostami, J., Abbassi, A., Harting, J.: Heat transfer by nanofluids in wavy microchannels. Adv. Powder Technol. 29(4), 925–933 (2018)
Spalding, D.B.: A novel finite difference formulation for differential expressions involving both first and second derivatives. Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 4, 551–559 (1972)
Toghraie, D., Mahmoudi, M., Ali Akbari, O., Pourfattah, F., Heydari, M.: The effect of using water/CuO nanofluid and L-shaped porous ribs on the performance evaluation criterion of microchannels. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 135(1), 145–159 (2017)
Wang, S.L., Chen, L.Y., Zhang, B.X., Yang, Y.R., Wang, X.D.: A new design of double-layered microchannels heat sinks with wavy microchannels and porous ribs. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09317-3
Wu, H.W., Wang, R.H.: Convective heat transfer over a heated square porous cylinder in a channel. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 53, 1927–1937 (2010)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author declares no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rostami, J. Optimization of Convective Heat Transfer in Microchannels Equipped by Porous Ribs. Transp Porous Med 141, 439–468 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-021-01727-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-021-01727-7