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Energy efficient fault-tolerant earliest deadline first scheduling for hard real-time systems

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Abstract

Aggressive technology scaling has dramatically increased the power density and degraded the reliability of embedded real-time systems. The goal of our research in this paper is to develop effective scheduling methods that can minimize the energy consumption and, at the same time, tolerate up to \(K\) transient faults when executing a hard real-time system scheduled according to the EDF policy. Three scheduling algorithms are presented in this paper. The first algorithm is an extension of a well-known fault oblivious low-power scheduling algorithm. The second algorithm intends to minimize the energy consumption under the fault-free situation while reserving adequate resources for recovery when faults strike. The third algorithm improves upon the first two by sharing the reserved resources and thus can achieve better energy efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms consistently outperform other related approaches in energy savings.

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Notes

  1. Each iteration of EMLPEDF refers to one round of the Step 1–2 in LPEDF except the intensity function is defined in Eq. (6).

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported in part by NSF under Projects CNS-1423137 and CNS-1018108.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL, 33174, USA

    Qiushi Han & Gang Quan

  2. Department of Math and Computer Science, West Virginia State University, 5000 Fairlawn Ave, Dunbar, WV, 25112, USA

    Linwei Niu

  3. School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL, 33174, USA

    Shaolei Ren

  4. Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Stuart Building, Room 013C, 10 W. 31st Street, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA

    Shangping Ren

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  1. Qiushi Han
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  2. Linwei Niu
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  3. Gang Quan
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Correspondence to Qiushi Han.

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Han, Q., Niu, L., Quan, G. et al. Energy efficient fault-tolerant earliest deadline first scheduling for hard real-time systems. Real-Time Syst 50, 592–619 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-014-9210-z

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