Abstract
The roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza are widely used as medicinal materials in China and other East Asian countries. Root morphology and development significantly influence both the quality and yield of this herb. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying root morphogenesis in this species remain poorly understood. Auxin is one of the main phytohormones that regulate root development in plants, and the auxin receptor transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1) plays pivotal roles in this biological process. In this study, SmTIR1 gene was cloned and transgenic S. miltiorrhiza plantlets were obtained to investigate the function of SmTIR1 in root development of S. miltiorrhiza. As the results shown, SmTIR1 positively regulated the growth and root development in S. miltiorrhiza. The SmTIR1 overexpression lines showed increased leaf number, root biomass, lateral root number, and lateral root diameter. The SmTIR1 RNAi lines showed the opposite morphological indices compared with the SmTIR1 overexpression lines. The RNA-seq analysis was performed and a total of 26 differential expressed genes in the auxin signaling pathway were identified in SmTIR1 RNAi lines, these genes may be relevant to the SmTIR1 regulated growth and root development in this species. Our results shed new light on the molecular mechanism of root morphogenesis of S. miltiorrhiza and is helpful to improve the quality of this herb with biological method in the production practice.
Key message
SmTIR1 showed essential roles in growth and root development of Salvia miltiorrhiza. It was a pivotal regulator of yield and quality of this herb.
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Data Availability
The raw data of RNA-seq generated in this study have been deposited in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) at NCBI (PRJNA994655) repository. Rest of the data support the current findings will be available on request from the corresponding author.
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Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31700257), Key project at central government level: The ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources (2060302), Independent Innovation Fund Project of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province (CX(23)3113), Science and Technology Development Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangsu Province (MS2022154), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LR21H280002), and the Major Science and Technology Projects of Breeding New Varieties of Agriculture in Zhejiang Province (2021C02074).
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ZSC, YDF and QL conceptualized and designed the work, analyzed the data, and drafted the manuscript. QL, ZL, and ZYW conducted the sample treatments and data collection. WW, ZZY and GYY contributed to data analysis and critical revision of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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Communicated by Maria Margarida Oliveira.
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Electronic Supplementary Material
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Supplementary Material 1: Table S1
. The primers used in this study
Supplementary Material 2: Table S2
. Statistics of mRNA data
Supplementary Material 3: Table S3
. The lists of differentially expressed genes in RNAi groups
Supplementary Material 4: Fig. S1
Schematic diagrams of SmTIR1 overexpression and silencing vector, and the expression of SmTIR1 in transgenic plantlets and control. (A) Vector diagrams of SmTIR1 overexpression and silencing. (B) Relative expression of SmTIR1 in WT, three independent SmTIR1 overexpression lines and three independent SmTIR1 RNAi lines. SmActin was used as the internal control for normalization. The error bars represent means ± SD (n = 3). Different lower-case letters on the bar chart indicate difference significance tested following Duncan's one-way multiple-range post hoc ANOVA (P < 0.05)
Supplementary Material 5: Fig. S2
The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the gene expressions in different sample sets
Supplementary Material 6: Fig. S3
The heatmap of all DEGs in the two SmTIR1 RNAi S. miltiorrhiza lines. Changes in expression levels are represented with different colors, the red indicates a higher expression level, and the blue indicates a lower expression level
Supplementary Material 7: Fig. S4
Volcano plot of the DEGs with the cutoff (|log2(Fold change)| ≥ 1 and FDR < 0.05) in the RNAi-12 samples (A) and RNAi-18 samples (B). The red color represents up-regulated DEGs, the green color represents down-regulated DEGs, the gray color represents the non-DEGs
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Qiu, L., Zheng, Y., Wang, W. et al. SmTIR1 positively regulates the growth and root development of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 156, 35 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02650-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02650-z