Abstract
A mass micropropagation method was developed for Mammillaria vetula ssp. gracilis (Pfeiff.) var. Arizonica cv. Snowcap, a cactus species with high ornamental value. A culture media based on MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) supplemented with 0.1 mg l−1 NAA + 0.3 mg l−1 KIN + 5.0 mg l−1 GA3 + 30 g l−1 sucrose (MSM-1), was developed specifically for the establishment and multiplication of Mammillaria cv. Snowcap offshoots, let us to produce a proliferation rate of 34.9 ± 5.9 new offshoots per explant in 6–7 weeks. The non-rooted offshoots were rooted in MSM-2, consisting in MS salts supplemented with 0.1 mg l−1 NAA + 0.3 mg l−1 KIN plus 5 mg l−1 ancymidol and a lower dose (10 g l−1) of sucrose, with a rooting rate of 100%. The rate of acclimatization of the rooted offshoots was 100%. The full process of micropropagation, from aseptic establishment in vitro to the end of plant acclimation, takes approximately between 5 and 6 months and the plant production can be maintained continuously during all year. The in vitro flower induction was successful (66%) when in vitro plantlets of cv. Snowcap, previously under starvation and vernalization, were pretreated by changing the photoperiod progressively from short/day to long/day conditions during four months, and then incubated during 1 month in MS supplemented with Paclobutrazol 1 mg l−1. Flowers started to bloom when plantlets were moved to fresh MSM-1.
Key message
The first complete method for in vitro mass micropropagation and in vitro flower induction has been developed for Mammillaria vetula ssp gracilis var. Arizonica Snowcap, an economically important ornamental cactus species.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- ANC:
-
Ancymidol, α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidylmethanol
- AS:
-
6-Aminopurine hemisulfate
- BA:
-
Benzylaminopurine
- GA3 :
-
Gibberellic acid
- IAA:
-
Indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA:
-
Indole-3-butyric acid
- KIN:
-
6-Furfurylaminopurine
- MS:
-
Murashige and Skoog medium
- NAA:
-
1-Naphthaleneacetic acid
- PAR:
-
Photosynthetic active radiation
- pCPA:
-
Para-chlorophenylalanine
- PGR:
-
Plant growth regulator
- PGRT:
-
Plant growth retardant
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Acknowledgements
Authors thanks Solisplant Nurseries (El Ejido, Almeria, Spain) for providing Mammillaria vetula cv. Snowcap plants and to Mr. Carlos Arana for critical English edition of the manuscript. This work has been partially supported by Contract VATC-20114733.
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This work has been partially supported by Contract VATC-20114733.
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JJR and CLE contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by ML-G and AA. The manuscript was written by CLE and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. CLE supervised and coordinated the work.
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Lopez-Granero, M., Arana, A., Regalado, J.J. et al. Mass micropropagation and in vitro flowering of Mammillaria vetula ssp. gracilis var. Arizonica Snowcap. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 155, 759–771 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02597-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02597-1