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Stress-induced somatic embryogenesis on seedlings of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. by thidiazuron and its inhibition by ethylene modulators

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Abstract

A low concentration of thidiazuron (TDZ) (1 µM) is effective in the induction of somatic embryos (SEs) on different parts of seedlings of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem). Somatic embryogenesis is a consequence of the inhibition of root formation and inhibition in the elongation of hypocotyls and epicotyl. This is suggestive that TDZ is effective in the induction of ‘stress-ethylene’. The putative role of ethylene and consequently its functions during induction upon stress on the somatic embryos of neem became clear with the exogenous application of ethylene-action inhibitors like AgNO3, or inhibitors of ethylene-biosynthesis such as CoCl2 or salicylic acid (SA). Of these, the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors (CoCl2 and SA) were found to be more effective as inhibitors of regeneration than AgNO3. The inhibition of somatic embryogenesis was more significant when KMnO4 or KOH, the effective absorbers of ethylene, were added to the culture media. This research paper focuses on the stimulation of somatic embryogenesis in neem by TDZ-induced stress ethylene and later its inhibition by using ethylene inhibitors.

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Acknowledgements

AN gratefully acknowledges the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India for the support during the conduction of the research. AN is thankful to the Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi. AN is also thankful to Prof. Rajiv Aggarwal, Principal, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India for his constant support and motivation during the compilation of the work. AN also thanks the Electron Microscope Facility, AIIMS, New Delhi, India for assisting with microscopic studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110019, India

    Aparna Nautiyal

  2. Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Ayyagari Ramlal

  3. School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown, Penang, 11800, Malaysia

    Ayyagari Ramlal

  4. Department of Botany, Kirorimal College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India

    Ashish Agnihotri

  5. Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India

    A. Rashid

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  1. Aparna Nautiyal
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  4. A. Rashid
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Contributions

AN and AR contributed to the conception and design of the study. AN wrote the first draft and curated the data. AN conducted the experiments. AN and AyR contributed to the manuscript revision. AyR was involved in the revision and formatting of the manuscript. AA performed the statistical analyses. AR supervised and project administrator. All the authors read and approved the submitted version.

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Correspondence to Aparna Nautiyal.

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Communicated by Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho.

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Nautiyal, A., Ramlal, A., Agnihotri, A. et al. Stress-induced somatic embryogenesis on seedlings of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. by thidiazuron and its inhibition by ethylene modulators. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 153, 357–366 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02473-y

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