Abstract
Optimization of medium components for each species is critically important to produce valuable bioactive compounds at high yields in plant tissue and organ culture methods using bioreactor systems. Rosmarinic acid production in different in vitro culture methods of Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil) was evaluated in previous studies, however, to our knowledge, there was no available literature on adventitious root culture under bioreactor culture conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations (0.50, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg L−1) and Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium salt strengths (0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5) on biomass, accumulation of bioactive compounds (rosmarinic acid, total phenolic and flavonoid) in adventitious root cultures of sweet basil using a balloon-type bubble bioreactor. In addition to, antioxidant capacities (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities (PAL) of adventitious roots were assessed. Also, the changes caused by these medium components in antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase) and some stress parameters (malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and proline) were investigated. The rosmarinic acid content of the adventitious roots was analyzed using UHPLC-HESI-MS/MS. Among the used medium components, 0.75 MS and 2 mg L−1 IBA were found to be the most appropriate quantities for biomass, PAL activities, accumulation of rosmarinic acid, phenolics and flavonoids, and activities of DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. The maximum accumulation of rosmarinic acid was determined as 20.98 ± 1.38 mg g−1 DW at 2 mg L−1 IBA which was 1.45, 1.19 and 4.02 times higher than 0.5, 1 and 4 mg L−1 IBA, respectively. Moreover, the content of rosmarinic acid at 0.75 MS was 1.94, 2.66 and 5.99-fold greater than 0.5, 1 and 1.5 MS, respectively. At these optimum conditions, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of stress parameters were generally determined to be lower. Overall, the results of our study make an important contribution to the mass production of rosmarinic acid in adventitious root cultures of sweet basil.
Key message
Optimum IBA concentration and MS medium salt strength are critically important determinants for production of rosmarinic acid and biomass in sweet basil adventitious root cultures through a balloon-type bubble bioreactor.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- ABTS:
-
2, 2-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
- AR:
-
Adventitious root
- BTBB:
-
Balloon-type bubble bioreactor
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- DPPH:
-
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- IBA:
-
Indole-3-butyric acid
- MS:
-
Murashige and Skoog
- PAL:
-
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase
- POD:
-
Peroxidase
- RA:
-
Rosmarinic acid
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
References
Açıkgöz MA (2020) Establishment of cell suspension cultures of Ocimum basilicum L and enhanced production of pharmaceutical active ingredients. Ind Crops Prod 148:112278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112278
Açıkgöz MA (2021) Effects of sorbitol on the production of phenolic compounds and terpenoids in the cell suspension cultures of Ocimum basilicum L. Biologia 76:395–409. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-020-00581-0
Angelini R, Manes F, Federico R (1990) Spatial and functional correlation between diamine-oxidase and peroxidase activities and their dependence upon de-etiolation and wounding in chick-pea stems. Planta 182:89–96
Bajomo EM, Aing MS, Ford LS, Niemeyer ED (2022) Chemotyping of commercially available basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) varieties: cultivar and morphotype influence phenolic acid composition and antioxidant properties. NFS Journal 26:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nfs.2022.01.001
Baque MA, Hahn EJ, Paek KY (2010a) Growth, secondary metabolite production and antioxidant enzyme response of Morinda citrifolia adventitious root as affected by auxin and cytokinin. Plant Biotechnol Rep 4:109–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-009-0121-8
Baque MA, Lee EJ, Paek KY (2010b) Medium salt strength induced changes in growth, physiology and secondary metabolite content in adventitious roots of Morinda citrifolia: the role of antioxidant enzymes and phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Plant Cell Rep 29:685–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-010-0854-4
Baque MA, Shiragi MHK, Moh SH, Lee EJ, Paek KY (2013) Production of biomass and bioactive compounds by adventitious root suspension cultures of Morinda citrifolia (L.) in a liquid-phase airlift balloon-type bioreactor. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 49:737–749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-013-9555-3
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205–207
Bauer N, Kiseljak D, Jelaska S (2009) The effect of yeast extract and methyl jasmonate on rosmarinic acid accumulation in Coleus blumei hairy roots. Biol Plant 53(4):650–656
Beaudoin-Eagan LD, Thorpe TA (1985) Tyrosine and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities during shoot initiation in tobacco callus cultures. Plant Physiol 78:438–441
Beyer WF Jr, Fridovich I (1987) Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Anal Biochem 161:559–566
Biswas T (2020) Elicitor induced increased rosmarinic acid content of in vitro root cultures of Ocimum basilicum L. (Sweet Basil). Plant Sci Today. 7(2):157–163
Blois MS (1958) Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181:1199–1200
Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254
Ceylan HA, Türkan I, Sekmen AH (2013) Effect of coronatine on antioxidant enzyme response of chickpea roots to combination of PEG-induced osmotic stress and heat stress. J Plant Growth Regul 32:72–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-012-9277-5
Cingöz G, Karakaş FP (2016) The effects of nutrient and macronutrient stress on certain secondary metabolite accumulations and redox regulation in callus cultures of Bellis perennis L. Turk J Biol 40:1328–1335. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1603-73
Cui XH, Chakrabarty D, Lee EJ, Paek KY (2010) Production of adventitious roots and secondary metabolites by Hypericum perforatum L. in a bioreactor. Bioresour Technol 101:4708–4716
Cui HY, Baque MA, Lee EJ, Paek KY (2013) Scale-up of adventitious root cultures of Echinacea angustifolia in a pilot-scale bioreactor for the production of biomass and caffeic acid derivatives. Plant Biotechnol Rep 7:297–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-012-0263-y
Duncan DB (1955) Multiple range and multiple F-tests. Biometrics 11:1–42
Duran RE, Kilic S, Coskun Y (2019) Melatonin influence on in vitro callus induction and phenolic compound production in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 55:468–475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-019-10006-6
Ejtahed RS, Radjabian T, Tafreshi SAT (2015) Expression analysis of phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene and rosmarinic acid production in Salvia officinalis and Salvia virgata shoots under salicylic acid elicitation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 176:1846–1858. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-015-1682-3
Gülçin I, Elmastaş M, Aboul-Enein HY (2007) Determination of antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L. Family Lamiaceae) assayed by different methodologies. Phytother Res 21:354–361. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2069
Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Zulfiqar F, Raza A, Mohsin SM, Mahmud JA, Fujita M, Fotopoulos V (2020) Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense in plants under abiotic stress: Revisiting the crucial role of a universal defense regulator. Antioxidants 9:681. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080681
Havir EA, Mchale NA (1987) Biochemical and developmental characterization of multiple forms of catalase in tobacco leaves. Plant Physiol 84:450–455
Ho TT, Jeong CS, Lee H, Park SY (2019) Effect of explant type and genotype on the accumulation of bioactive compounds in adventitious root cultures of Polygonum multiflorum. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 137:115–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-018-01556-5
Ho TT, Le KC, Kim SW, Park SY (2021) Culture condition optimization and FT-IR analysis of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. adventitious root cultures grown in an air-lift bioreactor system. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 144:371–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01961-9
Isah T, Umar S, Mujib A, Sharma MP, Rajasekharan PE, Zafar N, Frukh A (2018) Secondary metabolism of pharmaceuticals in the plant in vitro cultures: strategies, approaches, and limitations to achieving higher yield. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 132:239–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-017-1332-2
Jakovljević D, Stanković M, Warchoł M, Skrzypek E (2022) Basil (Ocimum L.) cell and organ culture for the secondary metabolites production: a review. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 149:61–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02286-5
Jiang YJ, Piao XC, Liu JS, Jiang J, Lian ZX, Kim MJ, Lian ML (2015) Bioactive compound production by adventitious root culture of Oplopanax elatus in balloon-type airlift bioreactor systems and bioactivity property. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 123:413–425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-015-0845-9
Jiang J, Bi H, Zhuang Y, Liu S, Liu T, Ma Y (2016) Engineered synthesis of rosmarinic acid in Escherichia coli resulting production of a new intermediate, caffeoylphenyllactate. Biotechnol Lett 38:81–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-015-1945-7
Karataş İ, Öztürk L, Demir Y, Ünlükara A, Kurunç A, Düzdemir O (2014) Alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities and proline content in pea leaves under long-term drought stress. Toxicol Ind Health 30(8):693–700. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233712462471
Katanić Stanković JS, Srećković N, Mišić D, Gašić U, Imbimbo P, Monti DM, Mihailović V (2020) Bioactivity, biocompatibility and phytochemical assessment of lilac sage, Salvia verticillata L. (Lamiaceae) - A plant rich in rosmarinic acid. Ind Crops Prod 143:111932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111932
Khair-ul-Bariyah S, Ahmed D, Ikram M (2012) Ocimum basilicum: a review on phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Pak J Chem 2(2):78–85
Khojasteh A, Mirjalili MH, Hidalgo D, Corchete P, Palazon J (2014) New trends in biotechnological production of rosmarinic acid. Biotechnol Lett 36:2393–2406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-014-1640-0
Kiferle C, Lucchesini M, Mensuali-Sodi A, Maggini R, Raffaelli A, Pardossi A (2011) Rosmarinic acid content in basil plants grown in vitro and in hydroponics. Cent Eur J Biol 6(6):946–957. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-011-0057-1
Kim GD, Park YS, Jin YH, Park CS (2015) Production and applications of rosmarinic acid and structurally related compounds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99:2083–2092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6395-6
Kračun-Kolarević M, Dmitrović S, Filipović B, Perić M, Mišić D, Simonović A, Todorović S (2015) Influence of sodium salicylate on rosmarinic acid, carnosol and carnosic acid accumulation by Salvia officinalis L. shoots grown in vitro. Biotechnol Lett 37:1693–1701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-015-1825-1
Krzyzanowska J, Czubacka A, Pecio L, Przybys M, Doroszewska T, Stochmal A, Oleszek W (2012) The effects of jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate on rosmarinic acid production in Mentha × piperita cell suspension cultures. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 108:73–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-0014-8
Kusvuran S, Kiran S, Ellialtioglu SS (2016) Antioxidant enzyme activities and abiotic stress tolerance relationship in vegetable crops. In: Shanker AK, Shanker C (eds) Abiotic and biotic stress in plants - recent advances and future perspectives. Intech Open, London
Lee EJ, Moh SH, Park SY (2014) Production of biomass and bioactive compounds in adventitious root cultures of Eleutherococcus koreanum Nakai. In: Paek KY, Murthy HN, Zhong JJ (eds) Production of biomass and bioactive compounds using bioreactor technology. Springer, Dordrecht
Lee EJ, Park SY, Paek KY (2015) Enhancement strategies of bioactive compound production in adventitious root cultures of Eleutherococcus koreanum Nakai subjected to methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid elicitation through airlift bioreactors. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 120:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0567-4
Li SW, Xue L, Xu S, Feng H, An L (2009) IBA-induced changes in antioxidant enzymes during adventitious rooting in mung bean seedlings: The role of H2O2. Environ Exp Bot 66:442–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.03.005
Li H, Piao XC, Gao R, Jin MY, Jiang J, Lian ML (2016) Effect of several physicochemical factors on callus biomass and bioactive compound accumulation of R. sachalinensis bioreactor culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 52:241–250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-016-9758-5
Lulu T, Park SY, Ibrahim R, Paek KY (2015) Production of biomass and bioactive compounds from adventitious roots by optimization of culturing conditions of Eurycoma longifolia in balloon-type bubble bioreactor system. J Biosci Bioeng 119(6):712–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.11.010
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Murthy HN, Lee EJ, Paek KY (2014) Production of secondary metabolites from cell and organ cultures: strategies and approaches for biomass improvement and metabolite accumulation. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 118:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0467-7
Murthy HN, Dandin VS, Paek KY (2016) Tools for biotechnological production of useful phytochemicals from adventitious root cultures. Phytochem Rev 15:129–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-014-9391-z
Nadeem M, Abbasi BH, Younas M, Ahmad W, Zahir A, Hano C (2019) LED-enhanced biosynthesis of biologically active ingredients in callus cultures of Ocimum basilicum. J Photochem Photobiol B: Biol 190:172–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.09.011
Nazir M, Tungmunnithum D, Bose S, Drouet S, Garros L, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Abbasi BH, Hano C, (2019) Differential production of phenylpropanoid metabolites in callus cultures of Ocimum basilicum L. with distinct in vitro antioxidant activities and in vivo protective effects against UV stress. J Agric Food Chem 67:1847–1859. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05647
Nazir M, Ullah MA, Mumtaz S, Siddiquah A, Shah M, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH (2020b) Interactive effect of melatonin and UV-C on phenylpropanoid metabolite production and antioxidant potential in callus cultures of purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L. var purpurascens). Molecules 25(5):1072. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051072
Nazir M, Ullah MA, Younas M, Siddiquah A, Shah M, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Hano C, Abbasi BH, (2020a) Light-mediated biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid metabolites and antioxidant potential in callus cultures of purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L. var purpurascens). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 142:107–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01844-z
Nazir S, Jan H, Tungmunnithum D, Drouet S, Zia M, Hano C, Abbasi BH (2020c) Callus culture of Thai basil is an effective biological system for the production of antioxidants. Molecules 25:4859. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204859
Nazir S, Jan H, Zaman G, Ahmed N, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH (2021b) Synergistic effects of salicylic acid and light stress on bioactive metabolites in basil callus cultures. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 37:102176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102176
Nazir S, Jan H, Zaman G, Khan T, Ashraf H, Meer B, Zia M, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH (2021a) Copper oxide (CuO) and manganese oxide (MnO) nanoparticles induced biomass accumulation, antioxidants biosynthesis and abiotic elicitation of bioactive compounds in callus cultures of Ocimum basilicum (Thai basil). Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 49(1):625–633. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2021.1984935
Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on products of browning reactions: antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Jpn J Nutr 44:307–315
Ozturk L, Demir Y, Unlukara A, Karatas I, Kurunc A, Duzdemir O (2012) Effects of long-term salt stress on antioxidant system, chlorophyll and proline contents in pea leaves. Rom Biotechnol Lett 17(3):7227–7236
Pandey P, Singh S, Banerjee S (2019) Ocimum basilicum suspension culture as resource for bioactive triterpenoids: yield enrichment by elicitation and bioreactor cultivation. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 137:65–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-018-01552-9
Pekal A, Pyrzynska K (2014) Evaluation of aluminium complexation reaction for flavonoid content assay. Food Anal Methods 7:1776–1782
Petersen M (2013) Rosmarinic Acid: New Aspects. Phytochem Rev 12:207–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9282-8
Prinsi B, Morgutti S, Negrini N, Faoro F, Espen L (2020) Insight into composition of bioactive phenolic compounds in leaves and flowers of green and purple basil. Plants 9:22. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9010022
Rahmat E, Kang Y (2019) Adventitious root culture for secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants: a review. J Plant Biotechnol 46:143–157. https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2019.46.3.143
Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med 26(9–10):1231–1237
Sahraroo A, Mirjalili MH, Corchete P, Babalar M, Moghadam MRF (2016) Establishment and characterization of a Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad (Lamiaceae) cell suspension culture: a new in vitro source of rosmarinic acid. Cytotechnology 68:1415–1424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-015-9901-x
Sairam RK, Rao KV, Srivastava GC (2002) Differential response of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concentration. Plant Sci 163:1037–1046
Sarropoulou V, Dimassi-Theriou K, Therios I (2013) Indole-3-butyric acid and myo-inositol impacts on in vitro rooting of the cherry rootstocks CAB-6P and Gisela 6. Biol Plant 57(4):613–619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-013-0352-y
Sen A, Alikamanoglu S (2013) Antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde, and total phenolic content of PEG-induced hyperhydric leaves in sugar beet tissue culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 49:396–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-013-9511-2
Shahrajabian MH, Sun W, Cheng Q (2020) Chemical components and pharmacological benefits of Basil (Ocimum basilicum): a review. Int J Food Prop 23:1961–1970. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2020.1828456
Sharma A, Shahzad B, Rehman A, Bhardwaj R, Landi M, Zheng B (2019) Response of phenylpropanoid pathway and the role of polyphenols in plants under abiotic stress. Molecules 24:2452. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132452
Šípošová K, Labancová E, Kučerová D, Kollárová K, Vivodová Z (2021) Effects of exogenous application of indole-3-butyric acid on maize plants cultivated in the presence or absence of cadmium. Plants 10:2503. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112503
Slinkard K, Singleton VL (1977) Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. Am J Enol Viticulture 28:49–55
SPSS 20. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Released 2011
Srivastava S, Conlan XA, Adholeya A, Cahill DM (2016) Elite hairy roots of Ocimum basilicum as a new source of rosmarinic acid and antioxidants. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 126:19–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-016-0973-x
Steffens B, Rasmussen A (2016) The Physiology of adventitious roots. Plant Physiol 170:603–617. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.01360
Swamy MK, Sinniah UR, Ghasemzadeh A (2018) Anticancer potential of rosmarinic acid and its improved production through biotechnological interventions and functional genomics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102:7775–7793. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9223-y
Tada H, Ikeda Y, Omoto T, Shimomura K, Ishimaru K (1996) Rosmarinic acid and related phenolics in adventitious root cultures of Ocimum basilicum L. Plant Tissue Cult Lett 13(1):69–71
Teofilović B, Grujić-Letić N, Karadžić M, Kovačević S, Podunavac-Kuzmanović S, Gligorića E, Gadžurić S (2021) Analysis of functional ingredients and composition of Ocimum basilicum. S Afr J Bot 141:227–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.04.035
Tepe B, Sokmen A (2007) Production and optimisation of rosmarinic acid by Satureja hortensis L. callus cultures. Nat Prod Res 21(13):1133–1144
Tepe B, Eminagaoglu O, Akpulat HA, Aydin E (2007) Antioxidant potentials and rosmarinic acid levels of the methanolic extracts of Salvia verticillata (L.) subsp. verticillata and S. verticillata (L.) subsp. amasiaca (Freyn & Bornm.) Bornm. Food Chem 100:985–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.10.062
Velikova V, Yordanov I, Edrava A (2000) Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants. Protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Sci 151:59–66
Verma SK, Sahin G, Das AK, Gurel E (2016) In vitro plant regeneration of Ocimum basilicum L. is accelerated by zinc sulfate. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 52:20–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-015-9739-0
Weremczuk-Jeżyna I, Grzegorczyk-Karolak I, Frydrych B, Królicka A, Wysokińska H (2013) Hairy roots of Dracocephalum moldavica: rosmarinic acid content and antioxidant potential. Acta Physiol Plant 35:2095–2103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-013-1244-7
Wu CH, Dewir YH, Hahn EJ, Paek KY (2006) Optimization of culturing conditions for the production of biomass and phenolics from adventitious roots of Echinacea angustifolia. J Plant Biol 49(3):193–199
Wu CH, Tang J, Jin ZX, Wang M, Liu ZQ, Huang T, Lian ML (2018) Optimizing co-culture conditions of adventitious roots of Echinacea pallida and Echinacea purpurea in air-lift bioreactor systems. Biochem Eng J 132:206–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2018.01.024
Yin S, Liang Y, Gao W, Wang J, Jing S, Zhang Y, Liu H (2013) Influence of medium salt strength and nitrogen source on biomass and metabolite accumulation in adventitious root cultures of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. Acta Physiol Plant 35:2623–2628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-013-1270-5
Zaman G, Farooq U, Bajwa MN, Jan H, Shah M, Ahmad R, Andleeb A, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH (2022) Effects of yeast extract on the production of phenylpropanoid metabolites in callus culture of purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L var purpurascens) and their in-vitro evaluation for antioxidant potential. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02303-7
Zeljković SĆ, Komzáková K, Šišková J, Karalija E, Smékalová K, Tarkowski P (2020) Phytochemical variability of selected basil genotypes. Ind Crops Prod 157:112910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112910
Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank Hitit University Scientific Technical Application and Research Center (Çorum, Turkey) for the analysis of rosmarinic acid by UHPLC-HESI-MS/MS.
Funding
This study was supported by Research Fund of the Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University (Project Number: 2019/38).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
None.
Additional information
Communicated by Christophe Hano.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Karataş, İ. Production of rosmarinic acid and biomass from adventitious root cultures of Ocimum basilicum by optimization of medium components in airlift bioreactors. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 151, 235–251 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02347-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02347-9