Abstract
The avocado, Persea americana Mill., is one of the most traded tropical fruits in the international market, furthermore, demand has significantly grown over the last decade, increasing its prices and expanding its production. In the current scenario of increasing concern about environmental impact due to the expansion of avocado orchards, climate change and epidemics of invasive pathogens, there is a need to accelerate avocado breeding programmes. Developing new avocado cultivars with novel traits is an important goal for breeders, all in a time- and cost-efficient manner. Desirable traits include the development of dwarf rootstocks, increased postharvest shelf life, salinity, and drought stress tolerance as well as resistance to major pathogens such as Phytophthora cinnamomi, Rosellinia necatrix, and Raffaelea lauricola. At the same time, genetic improvements done in avocado by the agency of traditional breeding have been moderately successful, which is why even today main cultivars still come from seedlings from open pollination. However, advancements on molecular biology and genetic engineering techniques have expanded knowledge on breeding different plants, including some perennial species, in a more efficient, precise, and targeted manner. This review summarises the available literature on avocado genetic transformation works, focusing on the methodologies, highlighting achievements and challenges.
Key message
This review summarises the results of recent studies on avocado genetic transformation, highlighting milestones and challenges. It also discusses some of the new genetic engineering techniques with potential to boost functional gene characterisation and breeding programmes in avocado.
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Data sharing is not applicable as no new data were generated or analysed during this study.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ) for the installations and support, Tecnologico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara for providing nexus with students and collaborations, and the Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of the University of Sheffield for its support and willingness to collaborate.
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This work was supported by Consejo Estatal de Ciencia y Tecnología de Jalisco (COECYTJAL) and Secretaría de Innovación Ciencia y Tecnología (SICYT), Jalisco, Mexico, (Newton Fund, Grant 7270–2018).
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RUL was responsible for the idea of the article. RUL and SAC were responsible for the funding acquisition and project administration. DITR performed literature search and writing of the original draft. RUL, SAC and JASG critically revised the work. All authors contributed to the writing-reviewing and editing.
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Tamayo-Ramos, D.I., Salazar-González, J.A., Casson, S.A. et al. Old and new horizons on Persea americana transformation techniques and applications. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 150, 253–266 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02268-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02268-7