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Induction and submerged cultivation of Valeriana jatamansi adventitious root cultures for production of valerenic acids and its derivatives

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Abstract

In vitro adventitious roots were induced from leaves of Valeriana jatamansi to assess their potential as a sustainable alternative to extract pharmaceutically important phytoconstituents. Among the different media used, a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) high root induction (90%) was achieved on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium fortified with 9.84 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). In addition, various process parameters i.e. IBA concentration, sucrose and medium strength were also optimized under submerged cultivation. The maximum fresh root biomass (144.09 ± 11.36 g/L) with a high relative growth rate (2.01 ± 0.04) and growth index (13.41) was achieved in half-strength SH medium having 2% sucrose and 4.92 µM IBA. Further, a significantly high yield of total valerenic acid derivatives [1525.14 µg/g dry weight (DW)] was recorded in adventitious roots as compared to donor plant parts. Individually, valerenic acid (506.27 µg/g DW) was accumulated higher in plant rhizomes, while acetoxyvalerenic (534.91 µg/g DW) and hydroxyl valerenic acid (919.57 µg/g DW) in adventitious roots. Interestingly, hydroxy valerenic acid was unmeasurable in donor plant parts. The phenolic compounds were also found maximum in adventitious roots (451.85 µg/g DW) with the dominance of pharmaceutically important kaempferol and rutin. A substantial increase in phytochemicals was evident at subsequent culture stages with shortened in vitro cultivation cycle (2 months) than field-grown plants (24 months). Moreover, adventitious roots also accumulated 0.059% essential oil with patchouli alcohol (24%) as a key constituent. Conclusively, an enriched metabolic profile and substantially shorter growth cycle under submerged cultivation undoubtedly demonstrated the potential of induced V. jatamansi adventitious roots as a feasible source of phytoconstituents.

Key message

In vitro adventitious roots induced leaf of Valeriana jatamansi showed improved metabolic profile and shorter cultivation cycle, thereby exhibiting potential as a sustainable alternative for extraction of industrially important phytoconstituents.

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Data availability

The data generated during research work are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

Not applicable.

Abbreviations

AVA:

Acetoxyvalerenic acid

DW:

Dry weight

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

GI:

Growth index

HVA:

Hydroxyvalerenic acid

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

IVA:

Isovalerenic acid

Min:

Minute

RGR:

Relative growth rate

SH:

Schenk and Hildebrandt

UPLC:

Ultra performance liquid chromatography

VA:

Valerenic acid

µg:

Microgram

µM:

Micromolar

g:

Gram

%:

Percent

w/v:

Weight/volume

mg:

Milligram

mL:

Millilitre

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Funding

The authors are highly grateful for regular encouragement from Director, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur. Financial support from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India (Grant No. MLP-201) is gratefully acknowledged. Authors are also thankful to Dr. Probir Pal for providing the donor plants to initiate in vitro cultures, Mr. Shiv Kumar, Mr. Anil Kumar and Mr. Manish for analysing extracted essential oil samples using GC–MS system. Institute publication number for this manuscript is 4734.

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Author notes

  1. Neha Chaudhary

    Present address: Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, 110078, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biotechnology, CSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India

    Ashok Gehlot, Neha Chaudhary, Jyoti Devi, Robin Joshi & Shashi Bhushan

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India

    Jyoti Devi, Dinesh Kumar & Shashi Bhushan

  3. Division of Chemical Technology, CSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Dinesh Kumar

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  1. Ashok Gehlot
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Contributions

AG Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Data Curation, Writing—Review & Editing, NC Methodology, Formal analysis, Data Curation, JD Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—Original Draft, RJ Formal analysis, Validation, DK Formal analysis, Validation, Writing—Review & Editing; SB Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—Review & Editing, Project administration, Funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Shashi Bhushan.

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Communicated by Amita Bhattacharya.

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Gehlot, A., Chaudhary, N., Devi, J. et al. Induction and submerged cultivation of Valeriana jatamansi adventitious root cultures for production of valerenic acids and its derivatives. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 148, 347–361 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-021-02193-1

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