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New cold-resistant, seedless grapes developed using embryo rescue and marker-assisted selection

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Abstract

One of the major objectives of table grape breeding is to produce seedless grapes of Vitis vinifera L. Of high importance among these objectives is the development of new cold-resistant seedless grapes for the colder regions of the world. Embryo rescue is an effective tool in breeding seedless grapes. Here, we report on nine cross-combinations between seedless cultivars and cold-resistant seedless cultivars or seeded hybrids. We carried out embryo rescue and molecular marker-assisted selection to create new cold-resistant seedless grape germplasm. We also examined the effects of different parents and the use of exogenous hormones on the success of embryo rescue as well as the optimal sampling time for a new seedless cultivar Qinxiu. The results show that a total of 473 new grape genotypes were obtained by embryo rescue using double-phase MM3 (modified ER) as the medium for embryo development and solid phase WPM as the medium for embryo germination and plantlet formation. We found the seedless cultivars Perlette, Qinhong No.2, Ruby Seedless and Qinhong No.10 were the most suitable female parents for embryo rescue, and the cold-resistant seedless cultivar Jupiter (a V. vinifera × V. labrusca hybrid) as the male parent. This was better than the seeded hybrid 0-1-5 (V. vinifera × V. amurensis). The best embryo development medium was MM3 with 500 mg/L CH, 1 mmol/L serine, 0.5 mg/L GA3, 1.0 mg/L IAA and 0.5 mg/L 6-BA. The best embryo germination and plantlet formation medium was WPM with 0.2 mg/L 6-BA and 0.1 mg/L IAA. The best sampling time for Qinxiu for embryo rescue was 42 days after flowering. We obtained a total of 440 hybrids by embryo rescue using the seedless molecular marker SCF27-2000.

Key message

Hybridization between grape seedless cultivars and cold-resistant cultivars and embryo rescue were performed. We obtained 473 new germplasms and performed marker assisted-selection using SCF27-2000. The embryo rescue system was optimized.

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Abbreviations

CH:

Casein hydrolysate

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

6-BA:

6-Benzyladenine

GA3 :

Gibberellic acid, GA3

CCC:

Chlorocholine chloride

CPPU:

Forchlorfenuron

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

ER:

Emershad and Ramming

NN:

Nitsch and Nitsch

WPM:

Woody plant medium

BD:

Bouquet and Davis

MAS:

Marker-assisted selection

DAF:

Days after flowering

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Acknowledgements

This work received financial support from ‘The Shaanxi Province Key Project (Agriculture) of the People’s Republic of China' (Grant Number 2017ZDXM-NY-026).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Peipei Zhu, Bao Gu, Peiying Li, Xin Shu, Xing Zhang & Jianxia Zhang

  2. Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Peipei Zhu, Bao Gu, Peiying Li, Xin Shu, Xing Zhang & Jianxia Zhang

  3. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Peipei Zhu, Bao Gu, Peiying Li, Xin Shu, Xing Zhang & Jianxia Zhang

Authors
  1. Peipei Zhu
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  2. Bao Gu
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  3. Peiying Li
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  4. Xin Shu
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  5. Xing Zhang
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  6. Jianxia Zhang
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Contributions

JZ designed the experiment and revised the manuscript. PZ wrote the manuscript. All authors took part in the crossing work. PZ, XZ and PL carried out the work seedless grape embryo rescue. BG, PL, PZ and XS carried out the marker-assisted selection.

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Correspondence to Jianxia Zhang.

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Communicated by Klaus Eimert.

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Zhu, P., Gu, B., Li, P. et al. New cold-resistant, seedless grapes developed using embryo rescue and marker-assisted selection. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 140, 551–562 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-019-01751-y

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