Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different intensities and quality of light and explant type on the growth of and volatile compounds in Lippia gracilis in vitro. The treatments were as follows: light intensities of 26, 51, 69, 94, or 130 µmol m−2 s−1 from fluorescent lamps and light-emitting diode (LED) lamps at different wavelengths, namely, white, red, blue, and combinations of red and blue light at ratios of 2.5:1 and 1:2.5, respectively, and two explant types, namely, nodal and apical segments. On the 30th day of culture on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (Physiol Plant 15(3):473–497, 1962) medium, growth, production of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and volatile constituents (using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) were analyzed. The light quality and intensity significantly influenced the in vitro growth of L. gracilis. The apical segments were superior in all parameters evaluated compared to nodal segments. The number of segments plantlet−1, root length, and leaf, shoot, root, and total weight were higher with increasing light intensity, especially under the 94 µmol m−2 s−1 treatment, for both explant types. The red light showed the highest leaf (32.28 mg plantlet−1) and total (58.33 mg plantlet−1) dry weight of all the light qualities. Major constituents, namely, ρ-cymene, γ-terpinene, thymol, carvacrol, and E-caryophyllene, were identified, regardless of light conditions. The amount and composition of volatile compounds varied according to light intensity and quality. Low intensity (26 µmol m−2 s−1) increased γ-terpinene content (12.42%) and concomitantly decreased carvacrol (38.52%). Blue LED light showed higher production of carvacrol (48.11%).
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Abbreviations
- GC-MS:
-
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- LED:
-
Light emitting diodes
- R:
-
Red
- B:
-
Blue
- MS:
-
Murashige and Skoog medium
- PPFD:
-
Photosynthetic photon flux density
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The authors would like to thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq—Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES—Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) and the Minas Gerais State Research Foundation (FAPEMIG—Fundação de Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais) for financial support (scholarships and research grants).
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The following declarations about authors contributions to the research have been made: concept of the study: JEBPP, SKVB; Intensity and LED light system—design and settings: LESL, JEBPP; laboratory research: LESL, JS, STS; statistical analyses: AAC, LESL, JEBPP, SKVB; writing of the manuscript LESL, SKVB, JEBPP, FVP.
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Lazzarini, L.E.S., Bertolucci, S.K.V., Pacheco, F.V. et al. Quality and intensity of light affect Lippia gracilis Schauer plant growth and volatile compounds in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 135, 367–379 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-018-1470-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-018-1470-1