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Stem apex detoxification culture markedly improved several physiological characters of chrysanthemum ‘YUTAI’

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Abstract

Chrysanthemums host many viruses, viroid species, and sequence variants thereof. In the present study, a stem apex detoxification culture system for chrysanthemum ‘YUTAI’, a cultivar used for chrysanthemum tea, was established by apical meristem culture in vitro on basal Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 benzyladenine and 0.1 mg L−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) to stimulate shooting, and on medium containing 0.5 mg L−1 NAA to afford the highest frequency of rooting. Seven viruses [Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd), Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid (CChMVd), Chrysanthemum virus B, Cucumber mosaic virus, Tobacco mosaic virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus, and Tomato aspermy virus] present in seedlings were synchronously detected using a sensitive multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. Two of these viruses (CChMVd and CSVd) compromised plant growth and development (affecting both the photosynthetic rate and height attained), and their levels were investigated in annual plants. Compared with seedlings infected by either or both CChMVd and CSVd, the chlorophyll content, the net photosynthetic rate, and the stomatal conductance and transpiration rates were higher, but the concentration of intercellular CO2 slightly lower, in virus-free seedlings. Virus-infected seedlings were stunted, exhibiting a reduction of 27 % of the mean height of virus-free plants. We suggest that the lower net photosynthetic rate and stunted growth observed in virus-infected seedlings were caused by the virus-mediated degradation of leaf chlorophyll, which in turn compromised plant nutrition.

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Abbreviations

BA:

6-Benzyl adenine

NAA:

Naphthalene acetic acid

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

CVB:

Chrysanthemum virus B

CMV:

Cucumber mosaic virus

TMV:

Tobacco mosaic virus

TSWV:

Tomato spotted wilt virus

CChMVd:

Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid

CSVd:

Chrysanthemum stunt viroid

TAV:

Tomato aspermy virus

PVX:

Potato virus X

PVY:

Potato virus Y

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the special funds of Chaoyang District and Yanqing county cooperation and development in 2009–2013, Science and technology project of Beijing Municipal Administration Center of Parks (Project No. 2014), Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding in China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. 30671709 and 30460010), the Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education and the Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of the State Forestry Administration in China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China

    Yan Zhou, Yanyan Wang, Yanru Song, Yanmei Liu, Lijuan Fan, Qing Hu & Shumin Gao

  2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding, Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture, No. 7 Huajiadi, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China

    Yan Zhou

  3. School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China

    Ziyang Gao

Authors
  1. Yan Zhou
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  2. Yanyan Wang
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  3. Yanru Song
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  4. Ziyang Gao
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  5. Yanmei Liu
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  6. Lijuan Fan
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  7. Qing Hu
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  8. Shumin Gao
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Correspondence to Shumin Gao.

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Yan Zhou, Yanyan Wang and Yanru Song have contributed equally to this work.

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Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Song, Y. et al. Stem apex detoxification culture markedly improved several physiological characters of chrysanthemum ‘YUTAI’. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 119, 369–381 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0541-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0541-1

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