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Hairy roots, callus, and mature plants of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit distinct glucosinolate and gene expression profiles

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Abstract

Hairy root cultures transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes or undifferentiated callus cultures are used for production of plant secondary metabolites. Glucosinolates (GS) are a group of secondary metabolites that produce a variety of bioactive compounds upon hydrolysis. Several studies report the successful production of high concentrations of secondary metabolites in vitro. However, such cultivation methods can significantly change metabolic profiles, and the mechanism behind this to be rarely understood. Therefore, we compared the GS and transcript profiles of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves and roots with hairy root and callus in vitro cultures. Compared to the roots of intact A. thaliana plants, overall, hairy roots contained lower GS levels. In particular, lower quantities of short-chain aliphatic GS were observed and a larger proportion of long-chain aliphatic GS on total content. Corresponding, the transcript levels of most aliphatic biosynthetic genes (MAM1, CYP79F1, CYP83A1, UGT74C1, and SUR1) were significantly lower in hairy root cultures compared to roots of intact plants. In callus culture, the lowest transcripts levels were detected for overall GS biosynthetic genes with an absence of aliphatic GS. From the indole group, 1-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethyl GS was found to be a major component in hairy root cultures and roots whereas indol-3-ylmethyl GS dominated in leaves and 4-hydroxy-indol-3-ylmethyl GS in callus cultures. Leaves of intact plants contained the highest amounts of GS. Here, aliphatic short-chain GS dominated which was in accordance with transcript levels of aliphatic biosynthetic genes. The study reveals tissue-specific accumulation of GS and transcript pattern in plants distinct from in vitro culture systems.

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Abbreviations

GS:

Glucosinolates

MS medium:

Murashige and Skoog medium

Trp:

Tryptophan

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research via Project Management Jülich, Grant No. FKZ: 0315370B. We wish to thank Professor Dietrich Knorr from Berlin University of Technology for supporting this work. We also thank Irene Hemmerich from Berlin University of Technology and Andrea Maikath from Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren for the technical assistance. We would like to thank Professor David Tepfer INRA, France for providing the A4 strain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Biotechnology, Berlin University of Technology, Königin-Luise-Straße 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Anja Kastell & Iryna Smetanska

  2. University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Steingruberstr. 2, 91746, Weidenbach, Germany

    Iryna Smetanska

  3. Department of Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany

    Monika Schreiner & Inga Mewis

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  1. Anja Kastell
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  4. Inga Mewis
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Correspondence to Inga Mewis.

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Kastell, A., Smetanska, I., Schreiner, M. et al. Hairy roots, callus, and mature plants of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit distinct glucosinolate and gene expression profiles. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 115, 45–54 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-013-0338-7

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