Abstract
Lettuce tipburn is an irreversible physiological disorder caused by calcium deficiency that decreases the crop value. Breeding a tipburn-resistant cultivar is the only causal therapy in many cases. In this study, we investigated an efficient method to evaluate lettuce resistance to tipburn in vitro. Seedlings of 19 lettuce cultivars representing three head types were cultured on agar medium containing EGTA, which chelates Ca2+. The percentage of tipburned leaves decreased proportionally with EGTA concentration. Susceptible cultivars were distinguished at 0.01 mM EGTA, whereas resistant cultivars were classified at 1.0 mM EGTA. Based on mean values of tipburn measurements, tipburn susceptibility was highest for ‘Leaf Lettuce’, followed by ‘Butterhead Lettuce’, and then ‘Crisphead Lettuce’. Two cultivars were selected for further tests using hydroponic and pot culture. The rank order of susceptibility to tipburn in these experiments was consistent with that of the in vitro assay. The in vitro evaluation of lettuce susceptibility to calcium deficiency is useful for initial screening of lettuce cultivars against tipburn incidence. Resistant cultivars identified in this study are practical candidates for cultivation in controlled environments, such as a plant factory, while sensitive cultivars are also useful as indicator plants to monitor environmental conditions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- EGTA:
-
Ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid
- HSD:
-
Honestly significant difference
References
Ashkar SA, Ries SK (1971) Lettuce tipburn as related to nutrient imbalance and nitrogen composition. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 96:448–452
Barreto R, Nieto-Sotelo J, Cassab GI (2010) Influence of plant growth regulators and water stress on ramet induction, rosette engrossment, and fructan accumulation in Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 103:93–101
Barta DJ, Tibbits TW (1991) Calcium localization in lettuce leaves with and without tipburn: comparison of controlled-environment and field-grown plants. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 116:870–875
Barta DJ, Tibbitts TW (1986) Effects of artificial enclosure of young lettuce leaves on tipburn incidence and leaf calcium concentration. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 111:413–416
Benoit F, Ceustermans N (1986) Survey of a decade of research (1974–1984) with nutrient film technique (NFT) on glasshouse vegetables. Soil Cult 2:12–14
Bradfield EG, Guttridge CG (1979) The dependence of calcium transport and leaf tipburn in strawberry on relative humidity and nutrient solution concentration. Ann Bot 43:363–372
Brumm I, Schenk M (1993) Influence of nitrogen supply on the occurrence of calcium deficiency in field grown lettuce. Acta Hortic 339:125–136
Collier GF, Wurr DCE (1981) The relationship of tipburn incidence in head lettuce to evaporative water loss and leaf dimensions. J Hortic Sci 56:9–13
Cox EF, McKee JMT (1976) A comparison of tipburn susceptibility in lettuce under field and glasshouse conditions. J Hortic Sci 51:117–122
Cui X-H, Murthy HN, Wu C-H, Paek K-Y (2010) Sucrose-induced osmotic stress affects biomass, metabolite, and antioxidant levels in root suspension cultures of Hypericum perforatum L. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 103:7–14
Gaudreau L, Charbonneau J, VeÂzina LP, Gosselin A (1994) Photoperiodic and photosynthetic photon flux influence growth and quality of greenhouse-grown lettuce. HortScience 29:1285–1289
Ghnaya AB, Hourmant A, Cerantola S, Kervarec N, Cabon JY, Branchard M, Charles G (2010) Influence of zinc on soluble carbohydrate and free amino acid levels in rapeseed plants regenerated in vitro in the presence of zinc. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 102:191–197
Goto E, Takakura T (1992) Prevention of lettuce tipburn by supplying air to inner leaves. Am Soc Agric Eng 35:641–645
Goto E, Takakura T (2003) Reduction of lettuce tipburn by shortening day/night cycle. J Agric Meteorol 59:219–225
Hoagland DR, Arnon DI (1950) The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. Circular no. 347, California Agricultural Experiment Station
Kleemann M (2004) Effect of photoselective plastics on the quality of lettuce. Acta Hortic 633:173–179
Kuoa CG, Tsaya JS, Tsaia CL, Chen RJ (1981) Tipburn of Chinese cabbage in relation to calcium nutrition and distribution. Sci Hortic 14:131–138
Lokhande VH, Nikam TD, Patade VY, Ahire ML, Suprasanna P (2010) Effects of optimal and supra-optimal salinity stress on antioxidative defence, osmolytes and in vitro growth responses in Sesuvium portulacastrum L. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 104:41–49
Marlatt RB (1974) Nonpathogenic diseases of lettuce their identification and control. Technical Bulletin of the Agricultural experiment Station, 2nd edition, University of Florida, Gainesville, no. 721A, pp 28–29
Martínez-Noël G, Tognetti J, Nagaraj V, Wiemken A, Pontis H (2006) Calcium is essential for fructan synthesis induction mediated by sucrose in wheat. Planta 225:183–191
Martins N, Gonçalves S, Palma T, Romano A (2011) The influence of low pH on in vitro growth and biochemical parameters of Plantago almogravensis and P. algarbiensis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult (in press). doi:10.1007/s11240-011-9963-1
Maruyama H, Koyama R, Oi T, Yagi M, Takeda M, Kanechi M, Inagaki N, Uno Y (2008) In vitro evaluation of osmotic stress tolerance using a novel root recovery assay. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 95:101–106
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Nagata RT, Stratton ML (1994) Development of an objective test for tipburn evaluation. Proc Fla State Hortic Soc 107:99–101
Naik PM, Manohar SH, Praveen N, Murthy HN (2010) Effects of sucrose and pH levels on in vitro shoot regeneration from leaf explants of Bacopa monnieri and accumulation of bacoside A in regenerated shoots. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 100:235–239
Nieuwhof M (1960) Internal tipburn in white cabbage I. Variety trials. Euphytica 9:203–208
Saure MC (1998) Causes of the tipburn disorder in leaves of vegetables. Sci Hortic 76:131–147
Sorkheh K, Shiran B, Khodambshi M, Rouhi V, Ercisli S (2011) In vitro assay of native Iranian almond species (Prunus L. spp.) for drought tolerance. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 105:395–404
Tibbitts TW, Rao RR (1968) Light intensity and duration in the development of lettuce tipburn. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 93:454–461
Wissemeier AH, Zühlke G (2002) Relation between climatic variables, growth and the incidence of tipburn in field-grown lettuce as evaluated by simple, partial and multiple regression analysis. Sci Hortic 93:193–204
Xiao Y, Niu G, Kozai T (2011) Development and application of photoautotrophic micropropagation plant system. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 105:149–158
Xu X-Y, Shi G-X, Wang J, Zhang L-l, Kang Y-N (2011) Copper-induced oxidative stress in Alternanthera philoxeroides callus. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult (in press). doi:10.1007/s11240-010-9914-2
Yanagi AA, Bullock RM, Cho JJ (1983) Factors involved in the development of tipburn in crisphead lettuce in Hawaii. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 108:234–237
Acknowledgment
We thank Shuji Kimura, Ai Morioka, Noriko Ohyanagi, Hiroki Yamaguchi for their valuable suggestions and fruitful discussions. This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) no. 20580026 from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. This publication was also made possible in collaboration with Nihon Yamamura Glass Co. LTD.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Koyama, R., Sanada, M., Itoh, H. et al. In vitro evaluation of tipburn resistance in lettuce (Lactuca sativa. L). Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 108, 221–227 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-0033-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-0033-5