Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Secondary somatic embryogenesis of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This is the first report describing culture conditions necessary to induce secondary embryogenesis in two carnation cultivars, Nelson and Spirit. In the first step, embryogenic calli were induced on petal explants followed by development of primary somatic embryos from the calli. In the second stage, secondary somatic embryos were obtained when precotyledonary and cotyledonary primary embryos were isolated and transferred onto a series of culture media all containing MS basal salt mixture, and supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D, BA, sucrose and mannitol. The highest rate of secondary embryogenesis occurred on mannitol containing media. Secondary somatic embryos were converted into plantlets when they were transferred onto growth regulator-free half-strength MS medium and successfully acclimated in the greenhouse.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

BA:

6-Benzyladenine

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

MS:

Murashige and Skoog basal medium

References

  • Agarwal S, Kanwar K, Sharma DR (2004) Factors affecting secondary somatic embryogenesis and embryo maturation in Morus alba L. Sci Hortic 102:359–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akula A, Becker D, Bateson M (2000) High-yielding repetitive somatic embryogenesis and plant recovery in a selected tea clone, ‘TRI-2025’, by temporary immersion. Plant Cell Rep 19:1140–1145

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ammirato PV (1987) Organizational events during somatic embryogenesis. In: Green CE, Somers DA, Hackett WP, Biesboer DD (eds) Plant tissue and cell culture. Alan R. Liss, New York, pp 57–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker CM, Wetzstein HY (1995) Repetitive somatic embryogenesis in peanut cotyledon cultures by continual exposure to 2,4-D. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 40:249–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burich GA, Mercun P, Benedtti L, Giovannini A (1996) Transformation method applicable to ornamental plant. Plant Tissue Cult Biotechnol 12:94–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Carman JG (1990) Embryogenic cells in plant tissue cultures: occurrence and behavior. In vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 26:746–753

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daigny G, Paul H, Sangwan RS, Sangwan-Narreel BS (1996) Factors influencing secondary somatic embryogenesis in Malus × domestica Borkh. (cv. ‘Gloster 69’). Plant Cell Rep 16:153–157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eudes F, Acharya S, Laroche A, Selinger LB, Cheng KJ (2003) A novel method to induce direct somatic embryogenesis, secondary embryogenesis and regeneration of fertile green cereal plants. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 73:147–157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frey L, Saranga Y, Bjanik J (1992) Somatic embryogenesis in carnation. HortScience 27:63–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh B, Sen S (1994) Plant regeneration from alginate encapsulated somatic embryos of Asparagus cooperi Baker. Plant Cell Rep 12:381–385

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda-Iwai M, Umehara M, Satoh S, Kamada H (2002) Stress-induced somatic embryogenesis in vegetative tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 34:107–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamada H, Ishikawa K, Saga H, Harada H (1993) Induction of somatic embryogenesis in carrot by osmotic stress. Plant Tissue Cult Lett 10:38–44

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laux T, Jurgens G (1997) Embryogenesis: new start in life. Plant Cell 9:989–1000

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Little EL, Magbanua ZV, Parrot WA (2000) A protocol for repetitive somatic embryogenesis from mature peanut epicotyls. Plant Cell Rep 19:351–357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lou H, Kako S (1995) Role of high sugar concentrations in inducing somatic embryogenesis from cucumber cotyledons. Sci Hortic 64:11–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maheswaran G, Williams EG (1984) Direct somatic embryoid formation on immature embryos of Trifolium repens, T. pratense and Medicago sativa, and rapid clonal propagation of T. repens. Ann Bot 54:201–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Merkle SA, Parrott W, Flin BS (1995) Morphogenic aspect of somatic embryogenesis. In: Torpedoed in vitro embryogenesis in plant. Klauwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 155–203

  • Nakano M, Mii M (1993) Antibiotic stimulates somatic embryogenesis without plant growth regulators in several dianthus cultivars. J Plant Physiol 14:721–725

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakano M, Hoshio Y, Mii M (1994) Adventitious shoot regeneration from cultured petal expellant of carnation. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 36:15–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neves LO, Duque SRL, Almeida JS, Fevereiro OS (1999) Repetitive somatic embryogenesis in Medicago trunculata ssp. Narborensis and M. trunculata Gaertn cv. Jemalong. Plant Cell Rep 18:398–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nontvaswatsri C, Fukai S, Touma T, Gol M (2002) Comparison of adventitious shoot formation from node and leaf explant of various carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultivars. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 77:520–525

    Google Scholar 

  • Norgaard JV, Krogstrup P (1991) Cytokinin induced somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos of Abies nordmanniana LK. Plant Cell Rep 9:509–513

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nugent G, Ricnardoson T, Tandul CY (1991) Plant regeneration from stem and petal of carnation. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 10:477–480

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raemakers CJJM, Jacobsen E, Visser RGF (1995) Secondary somatic embryogenesis and applications in plant breeding. Euphytica 81:93–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robert DR (1991) Abscisic asid and mannitol promote early development; maturation and storage protein accumulation in somatic embryogenesis of interior spruce. Plant Physiol 83:247–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sankhla D, Vavis TD, Shankla N, Upadya A (1995) In vitro of heat tolerant German carnation through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Gartenbauwissenschaft 6:227–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasic D, Alibert G, Skoric D (2002) Protocols for efficient and repetitive secondary somatic embryogenesis in Helliantus Maximiliani (Schrader). Plant Cell Rep 2:121–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams EG, Maheswaran G (1986) Somatic embryogenesis: factors influencing coordinated behavior of cell as an embryogenic group. Ann Bot 57:443–462

    Google Scholar 

  • Yantcheva A, Vlahova M, Antanassov A (1998) Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of carnation (Dianthos caryophyllus L.). Plant Cell Rep 18:148–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

    Omid Karami & Ali Deljou

  2. Department of Microbiology, Kordestan Islamic Azad University, Kordestan, Iran

    Gona Karimi Kordestani

Authors
  1. Omid Karami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ali Deljou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gona Karimi Kordestani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Deljou.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Karami, O., Deljou, A. & Kordestani, G.K. Secondary somatic embryogenesis of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 92, 273–280 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-007-9332-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-007-9332-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation