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Screening and selecting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for inoculating micropropagated apple rootstocks in acid soils

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Abstract

Santa Catarina state is the largest producer of apples in Brazil. Soils in this region have low pH and high levels of aluminum and manganese, requiring high inputs of fertilizers and amendments increasing costs of apple production. Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can improve the establishment of micropropagated apple plants in such adverse soil conditions. Soil samples were collected from apple orchards in the Caçador, Fraiburgo and São Joaquim regions to develop a corn bioassay to identify mycorrhizal communities with high infectivity. Eleven fungal species were identified from one Caçador soil with the highest infectivity. Glomus etunicatum SCT110, Scutellospora pellucida SCT111, Acaulospora scrobiculata SCT112 and Scutellospora heterogama SCT113 were brought into single-species culture and used in a plant growth and nutrient uptake experiment using micropropagated apple (Malus prunifolia), cultivated at three soil pH. Colonization by fungal isolates significantly affected plant height, shoot and root dry weights, and root:shoot ratio. Soil pH also significantly affected all growth parameters except shoot dry weight. Mycorrhizal inoculation also significantly altered tissue concentrations of P, Zn, Cu, Ca, S, Na, N, K, Fe and Al. Association with mycorrhizal fungi increased P concentration and also decreased Al concentrations in the shoots. Overall, G. etunicatum and S. pellucida were the most effective isolates to promote plant growth and nutrient uptake. Inoculation of apple rootstock with selected fungal isolates during the acclimatization stage represents a useful strategy for producing micropropagated apples that can withstand acidic soil conditions.

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Acknowledgments

This work is part of the requirements of the senior author for a M.S. degree in biotechnology. This project was funded by FINEP (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Brazil). We thank CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia, Brazil) and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) for providing scholarships to JRPC during his graduate studies and to SLS as a Post-doctoral researcher. We are grateful to Dr Enio Pedrotii for providing micropropagated apple seedlings, and to Dr Clori Basso (EPAGRI, Caçador, SC) for technical support while the soils were sampled. We thank Drs P.E. Lovato and R.G. Linderman for valuable suggestions made to an earlier version of the manuscript. The document was subjected to the peer and administrative reviews of the U.S. EPA at the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, and was approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this paper does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of use.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Cx. P. 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    José Renato Pereira Cavallazzi & Margarida Matos de Mendonça

  2. Departamento de Solos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Cx. P. 281, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil

    Osmar Klauberg Filho

  3. Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Cx. P. 1507, Blumenau, SC, 89010-971, Brazil

    Sidney Luiz Stürmer

  4. Western Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA

    Paul T. Rygiewicz

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  1. José Renato Pereira Cavallazzi
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  5. Margarida Matos de Mendonça
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Correspondence to Margarida Matos de Mendonça.

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Cavallazzi, J.R.P., Filho, O.K., Stürmer, S.L. et al. Screening and selecting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for inoculating micropropagated apple rootstocks in acid soils. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 90, 117–129 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-006-9163-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-006-9163-6

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