Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of plant growth regulators, carbon sources and iron on the cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of transgenic cherry rootstock `Colt' (Prunus avium × P. pseudocerasus)

  • Published:
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The frequency of long-term secondary somatic embryogenesis and shoot meristem development from embryogenic masses of the cherry rootstock `Colt' ( Prunus avium × P. pseudocerasus), differentiated from transgenic roots containing the T-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, has opened the way for genetic improvement by biotechnological techniques. Whole plants were produced by stimulating shoot meristem development from somatic embryos. The combination of 4 mg l−1 of kinetin and 2% of maltose under illumination stimulated shoot development and, subsequently, whole plants have been recovered by applying 1.5 mg l−1 kinetin to the rooting medium. Although numerous treatments have been tested involving both embryogenic masses and whole embryos, normal embryo germination was observed sporadically. Cold treatment was effective in stimulating secondary somatic embryogenesis with embryo development to the cotyledonary stage, but did not promote their germination. Similarly, a higher concentration (44–55 mg l−1) of chelated iron than that commonly used in tissue culture media (36.7 mg l−1) produced, after 3 weeks in culture, almost a 50% increase in the number of embryos at the cotyledonary stage per embryogenic mass. Among the cytokinins tested, 1 mg l−1 of 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg l−1 of thidiazuron were effective in inducing secondary somatic embryogenesis; however, each of them expressed highest efficiency with specific medium and environmental conditions. Furthermore, application of 1 mg l −1 thidiazuron reverted morphogenic callus to non-morphogenic callus, particularly in medium containing 2% sucrose. Finally, hormone free medium with 2% maltose enhanced maturation of the emb-ryos to the normal cotyledonary stage. This paper has improved knowledge of embryo culture and plant production in this important genotype, opening the way for genetic improvement by biotechnological techniques, mainly with the aim of modifying the growth pattern of the canopy of sweet cherry grafted on it.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akiyoshi DE, Klee H, Amasino RM, Nester EW & Gordon MP (1984) T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens encodes an enzyme of cytokinin biosynthesis. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, Vol. 81 (pp. 5994–5998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ammirato PV (1983) Embryogenesis. In: Evans DA, Sharp WR, Ammirato PV & Yamada Y (eds) Handbook of Plant Cell Cultures, Vol. 1 (pp. 82–123)

  • Bates S, Preece JE, Navarrete NE, Van Sambeek JW & Gaffney GR (1992) Thidiazuron stimulates shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in white ash (Fraxinus americana L). Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 31: 21–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Bewley JD & Black M (1985) Seeds: Germination, Structure and Composition. Physiology of Development and Germination. Plenum Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Cailloux F, Julien-Guerrier J, Linossier L & Coudret A (1996) Long-term somatic embryogenesis and maturation of somatic embryos in Hevea brasiliensis. Plant Sci. 120: 185–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Chemma GS (1989) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cell suspension and tissue cultures of mature Himalayan poplar (Populus ciliata). Plant Cell Rep. 8: 124–127

    Google Scholar 

  • da Camara Machado A, Puschmann M, Puhringer H, Kremen R, Katinger H & Laimer da Camara Machado M (1995) Somatic embryogenesis of Prunus subhirtella autumno rosa and regeneration of transgenic plants after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Plant Cell Rep. 14: 335–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Daigny G, Paul H, Sangwan RS & Sangwan-Norreel BS (1996) Factors influencing secondary somatic embryogenesis in Malus × domestica Borkh. (cv ‘Gloster 69’). Plant Cell Rep. 16: 153–157

    Google Scholar 

  • David H, Domon JM, Savy C, Miannay N, Sulmont G, Dargent R & David A (1992) Evidence for early stages of somatic embryo development in a protoplast-derived cell culture of Prunus avium. Physiol. Plant 85: 301–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng MD & Cornu D (1992) Maturation and germination of walnut somatic embryos. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 28: 195–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Druart P (1980) Plantlet regeneration from root callus of different Prunus species. Sci. Horticult. 12: 339–342

    Google Scholar 

  • Druart P (1981) Embryogenèse somatique et obtention de plantules chez Prunus incisa × serrula (GM9) cultivé in vitro. Bull Rech. Agron Gemblooux 16: 205–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Druart P (1990) Improvement of somatic embryogenesis of the cherry dwarf rootstock Inmil/GM9 by the use of different carbon sources. Acta Horticult. 280: 125–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Durham RE & Parrott WA (1992) Repetitive somatic embryogenesis from peanut cultures in liquid medium. Plant Cell Rep. 11: 122–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Feirer RP, Conkey JH & Verhagen SA (1989) Triclycerides in embryogenic conifer calli: a comparison with zygotic embryos. Plant Cell Rep. 8: 207–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Garin D, Grenier E & Grenierdemarch G (1997) Somatic embryogenesis in wild cherry (Prunus avium) Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 48: 83–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Gendy C, Sene M, Le BV, Vidal J & Van KTT (1996) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Plant Cell Rep. 15: 900–904

    Google Scholar 

  • George EF & Scherington PD (1984) Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture. Exegetics Ltd. Eversley, Basingstoke, Hants. RG 27 OQY, Eversley Press, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez-Pesce P, Taylor K, Muleo R & Rugini E (1998) Somatic embryogenesis and shoot regeneration from transgenic roots of the cherry rootstock “Colt” (Prunus avium × P. pseudocerasus) mediated by pRi 1855 T-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Cell Rep. 17: 574–580

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammerschlag FA, Bauchan G & Scorza R (1985) Regeneration of peach plants from callus derived from immature embryos. Theor. App. Genet. 70: 248–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Havranek P & Vagera J (1979) Regulation of in vitro androgenesis in tobacco through iron-freen meia. Bio. Plant 21: 412–417

    Google Scholar 

  • Heberle-Bors E (1980) Interaction of activated charcoal and iron chelates in anther cultures of Nicotiana and Atropa belladonna. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 99: 339–347

    Google Scholar 

  • Hristoforoglu K, Schmidt J & Bolhar-Nordenkampf H (1995) Development and germination of Abies alba somatic embryos. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 40: 277–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain M, Gupta PK & Newton RJ (1995) Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, Vol. 2, Angiosperms. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • James DJ, Passey AJ, Malhotra SB & Deeming DC (1982) Studies on the Control of Organogenesis and Embryogenesis in Apple and Cherry Tissues. Report of the East Malling Research Station, 152

  • Jones OP, Gayner JA & Watkins R (1984) Plant regeneration from callus tissue culture of the cherry rootstock “Colt” (Prunus avium × P. pseudocerasus) and the apple rootstock M.25 (Malus pumila). J. Hort. Sci. 59: 463–467

    Google Scholar 

  • Jumin HB & Nito N (1996) Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from protoplast of Uganda cherry orange (Citropsis schweinfurthii). Plant Cell Rep. 15: 754–757

    Google Scholar 

  • Lai FM & Mc Kersie BD (1994) Regulation of starch and protein accumulation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) somatic embryos. Plant Sci. 100: 211–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Loh CS, ShuW & Khor E (1997) High frequency production of embryos from liquid flask culture of oilseed rape. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 54: 231–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinelli L & Mandolino G (1994) Genetic transformation and regeneration of transgenic plants in grapevine (Vitis rupestris S.). Theor. App. Genet. 88: 621–628

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinelli L, Bragagna P, Poletti V & Scienza A (1991) Somatic embryogenesis from leaves and petioles-derived callus of Vitis rupestris. Plant Cell Rep. 12: 207–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinelli L, Rugini E & Saccardo F (1996) Genetic transformation for biotic stress resistance in horticultural plants. In vitro 3: 69A

    Google Scholar 

  • Mc Granahan GH, Leslie CA, Uratsu SL & Dandekar AM (1990) Improved efficiency of the walnut somatic embryos gene transfer system. Plant Cell Rep. 8: 512–516

    Google Scholar 

  • Mc Granahan GH, Leslie CA, Uratsu SL, Martin LA & Dandekar AM (1988) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of walnut somatic embryos and regeneration of transgenic plant. Bio/Technology 6: 800–804

    Google Scholar 

  • Mo LH, von Arnold S & Lagercrantz U (1989) Morphogenetic and genetic stability in long-term embryogenic cultures and somatic embryos of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst). Plant Cell Rep. 8: 375–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Muralidharan EM, Gupta PK & Mascarehas AF (1989) Plantlet production through high frequency somatic embryogenesis in long-term cultures of Eucalytys citriodora. Plant Cell Rep. 8: 41–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Murashige T & Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant 15: 473–497

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch JP (1969) Experimental androgenesis in Nicotiana. Phytomorphology 19: 389–404

    Google Scholar 

  • Nørgaard JV (1997). Somatic embryo maturation and plant regeneration in Abies nordmanniana LK. Plant Sci. 124: 211–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Raj Bhansali R, Driver JA & Durzan DJ (1990) Rapid multiplication of adventitious somatic embryos in peach and nectarine by secondary embryogenesis. Plant Cell Rep. 9: 280–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Raquin C (1983) Utilisation of different sugars as carbon source for in vitro anther culture of Petunia (axillaris × hybrida). Int. J. Plant Physiol. 111: 453–457

    Google Scholar 

  • Rugini E, Biasi R & Muleo R. (2000) Olive (Olea europaea var. sativa) Transformation. In: S.M. Jain and S.C Minocha (eds) Molecular Biology of Woody Plants, Vol. 2 (pp. 245–279). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroder G, Waffenschmidt S, Weiler EW & Schroder J (1983) The T-region of Ti plamids codes for an enzyme synthesizing indole-3-acetic acid. Eur. Mol. Biol. Org. J. 2: 403–409

    Google Scholar 

  • Strickland SG, Nichol JW, Mc Gall GM & Stuart DA (1987) Effect of carbohydrate source on alfalfa somatic embryogenesis. Plant Sci. 48: 113–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomashow MF, Hugly S, Buchholz WG & Thomashow LS (1986) Molecular basis for the auxin independent phenotype of crown gall tumour tissue. Science 231: 616–618

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tulecke W & Mc Granahan G (1985) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledons of walnut, Junglans regia. Plant Sci. 40: 57–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Visser C, Qureshi JA, Gill R & Saxena PK (1992) Role of thidiazuron: substitution of auxin-cytokinin requirements of somatic embryogenesis in hypocotyl cultures of geranium. Plant Physiol. 99: 1704–1707

    Google Scholar 

  • Walkey DG (1972) Production of apple plantlets from axillary bud meristems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 52: 1085–1087

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Università della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy

    Patricia Gutièrrez pesce & Eddo Rugini

Authors
  1. Patricia Gutièrrez pesce
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eddo Rugini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eddo Rugini.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

pesce, P.G., Rugini, E. Influence of plant growth regulators, carbon sources and iron on the cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of transgenic cherry rootstock `Colt' (Prunus avium × P. pseudocerasus). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 79, 223–232 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-004-0663-y

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-004-0663-y

Search

Navigation