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Importance of measuring pharmacologically active metabolites of edoxaban: development and validation of an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometry method

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Abstract

Although DOACs do not require regular measurements of their blood concentrations, clinical situations may require an assessment of their concentration. Among the factor Xa inhibitors, edoxaban is the only compound for which some metabolites (e.g. edoxaban-M4) are reported to be pharmacologically active. Therefore, their contribution could interfere with assays used for the estimation of edoxaban concentration. In addition, drug interactions may alter the metabolite/parent compound ratio making the sole estimation of edoxaban concentration, a poor assessment of the overall anticoagulation. To develop a validated UHPLC–MS/MS method to quantify simultaneously edoxaban and its more relevant M4-metabolite in human plasma. Electrospray ionization and chromatographic separation were optimized for the simultaneous dosage of edoxaban and edoxaban-M4. The method was validated according to regulatory guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. The total run time was 6 min. The method was validated for calibration curves, precision, accuracy, carry-over, selectivity, matrix effect and short-time stability. This method permits quantification of edoxaban and edoxaban-M4 providing complementary information about the inhibitory effect of this active metabolite in chronometric or chromogenic assays. Although patients treated with edoxaban exhibits usually low concentrations of active metabolites, the measurement of edoxaban-M4 is interesting; especially in case of drug interactions. Indeed, concomitant prescriptions of edoxaban and carbamazepine or rifampicin is frequent and may lead to disturbance of the estimations of edoxaban concentration by chromogenic anti-Xa assays. Therefore, patients are at risk of having inadequate control of anticoagulation supporting the need of measuring the most representative edoxaban metabolite concomitantly to the parent compound.

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Abbreviations

%Dev:

Percentage of relative standard deviation

CV:

Coefficient of variation

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

DOACs:

Direct oral anticoagulants

EMA:

European Medicines Agency

ESI:

Electro spray ionization

ESI + :

Electro spray on positive ionization mode

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

ICH:

International Council of Harmonization

IS:

Internal standard

LC:

Liquid chromatography

LLOQ:

Lower limit of quantification

ME:

Matrix effect

MRM:

Multiple reaction monitoring

MS:

Mass spectrometry

NPP:

Normal pooled plasma

PBS:

Phosphate buffer saline

PPP:

Platelet poor plasma

QCs:

Quality controls

UHPLC–MS/MS:

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

ULOQ:

Upper limit of quantification

VKAs:

Vitamin K antagonists

VTE:

Venous thromboembolisms

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Christelle Vancraeynest, Vincent Maloteau, Lionel Pochet and Jonathan Evrard for their contribution to this work. The authors would also like to thank the NAB-X biobank from the University of Namur (UNamur) for the management and storage of plasma samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, 5000, Namur, Belgium

    Romain Siriez, Lütfiye Alpan, Kossay Elasaad, Philippe Devel, Jean-Michel Dogné & Jonathan Douxfils

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Namur Nanosafety Center (NNC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium

    Julie Laloy

  3. Qualiblood S.a, Namur, Belgium

    Jonathan Douxfils

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  1. Romain Siriez
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  2. Lütfiye Alpan
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  3. Kossay Elasaad
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  4. Philippe Devel
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  6. Jean-Michel Dogné
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  7. Jonathan Douxfils
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Correspondence to Romain Siriez.

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The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

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Among the authors, J. Douxfils is CEO and founder of QUALIblood s.a. and reports personal fees from Portola Pharmaceuticals, Stago, Roche, Roche Diagnostics and Daiichi-Sankyo, outside the submitted work.

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Siriez, R., Alpan, L., Elasaad, K. et al. Importance of measuring pharmacologically active metabolites of edoxaban: development and validation of an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometry method. J Thromb Thrombolysis 49, 395–403 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-019-02030-5

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