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Deep vein thrombosis: a less noticed complication in hematologic malignancies and immunologic disorders

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Abstract

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication in hematologic malignancies and immunologic disorders that coagulation and inflammatory factors play a crucial role in its occurrence. The content used in this article has been obtained by PubMed database and Google Scholar search engine of English-language articles (1980–2019) using the “Deep vein thrombosis,” “Hematologic malignancies,” “Immunologic disorders” and “Treatment.” Increased levels of coagulation factors, the presence of genetic disorders, or the use of thrombotic drugs that stimulate coagulation processes are risk factors for the development of DVT in patients with hematologic malignancies. Inflammatory and auto-anti-inflammatory factors, along with coagulant factors, play an essential role in the formation of venous thrombosis in patients with immunological disorders by increasing the recruitment of inflammatory cells and adhesion molecules. Therefore, anti-coagulants in hematologic malignancies and immunosuppressants in immune disorders can reduce the risk of developing DVT by reducing thrombotic and inflammatory activity. Considering the increased risk of DVT due to impaired coagulation and inflammation processes, analysis of coagulation and inflammatory factors have prognostic values in patients with immunologic deficiencies and hematologic malignancies. Evaluation of these factors as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the prediction of thrombotic events could be beneficial in implementing effective treatment strategies for DVT.

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Abbreviations

MM:

Multiple myeloma

PNH:

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

MPNs:

Myeloproliferative neoplasms

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

RA:

Rheumatoid arthritis

SLE:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

LMWH:

Low molecular weight heparin

UFH:

Unfractionated heparin

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

NSAIDs:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

U-PAR:

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor

PAI-1:

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

TKA:

Total knee arthroplasty

CRP:

C-reactive protein

NETs:

Neutrophil extracellular traps

PIG-A:

Phosphatidylinositol glycan-class A

G-CSF:

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor

APS:

Anti-phospholipid syndrome

TFPI:

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank all our colleagues in Allied Health Sciences School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kabul University Medical Science, Kabul, Afghanistan

    Hassan Alipanahzadeh

  2. Department of Abdominal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kabul University Medical Science, Kabul, Afghanistan

    Reza Ghulamreza

  3. Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Marziye Bagheri & Mohsen Maleknia

  4. Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Shokouhian

  5. Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Marziye Bagheri & Mohsen Maleknia

Authors
  1. Hassan Alipanahzadeh
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  2. Reza Ghulamreza
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  3. Mohammad Shokouhian
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  4. Marziye Bagheri
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  5. Mohsen Maleknia
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MM conceived the manuscript and revised it. HA, RGH, MSH, and MB wrote the manuscript and prepared tables and figures.

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Correspondence to Mohsen Maleknia.

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Alipanahzadeh, H., Ghulamreza, R., Shokouhian, M. et al. Deep vein thrombosis: a less noticed complication in hematologic malignancies and immunologic disorders. J Thromb Thrombolysis 50, 318–329 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-019-02005-6

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