References
American Heart Association (2001) Heart disease and stroke statistics update [cited November 23, 2005]. Available from http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1928
Martinelli J, Jimenez A, Rabago G, Artiz V, Fraile J, Farre J (1991) Mechanical cardiac valve thrombosis. Is thrombectomy justified? Circulation 84(Suppl 3):III70–III75
Longstreth WT Jr, Bernick C, Fitzpatrick A, Cushman M, Knepper L, Lima J et al (2001) Frequency and predictors of stroke death in 5, 888 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Neurology 56:368–375
Linkins L, Choi P, Douketis JD (2003) What is the clinical impact of bleeding in patients with venous thromboembolism who are receiving oral anticoagulant therapy? An assessment of case-fatality and risk of major bleeding. Ann Intern Med 139:893–900
Spyropoulos AC (2005) Perioperative bridging therapy fort he at-risk patient on chronic anticoagulation. Dis Mon 51(2–3):183–193
Kearon C, Hirsh J (1997) Management of anticoagulation before and after elective surgery. N Engl J Med 336:1506–1511
Spyropoulos AC, Douketis JD (2008) Guidelines for antithrombotic therapy: periprocedural management of antithrombotic therapy and use of bridging anticoagulation. Int Angiol 27(4):333–343
Douketis JD, Berger PB, Dunn AS, Jaffer AK, Spyropoulos AC, Becker RC, Ansell J (2008) The perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edition). Chest 133(6 Suppl):299S–339S
Amadeus Investigators, Bousser MG, Bouthier J, Büller HR, Cohen AT, Crijns H, Davidson BL, Halperin J, Hankey G, Levy S, Pengo V, Prandoni P, Prins MH, Tomkowski W, Torp-Pedersen C, Wyse DG (2008) Comparison of idraparinux with vitamin K antagonists for prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 371(9609):315–321
Dunn AS, Turpie AGG (2003) Perioperative management of patients receiving oral anticoagulants: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med 163:901–908
Garcia DA, Garcia DA, Regan S, Henault LE, Upadhyay A, Baker J, Othman M, Hylek EM (2008) Risk of thromboembolism with short-term interruption of warfarin therapy. Arch Intern Med 168(1):63–69
Dunn AS, Spyropoulos AC, Turpie AG (2007) Bridging therapy in patients on long-term oral anticoagulants who require surgery: the Prospective Peri-operative Enoxaparin Cohort Trial (PROSPECT). J Thromb Haemost 5(11):2211–2218
Spyropoulos AC, Jenkins P, Bornikova L (2004) A disease management protocol for outpatient perioperative bridge therapy with enoxaparin in patients requiring temporary interruption of long-term oral anticoagulation. Pharmacotherapy 24(5):649–658
www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00432796?term=periop&rank=1
www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00786474?term=bridge&rank=26
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Spyropoulos, A.C. To bridge or not to bridge: that is the question. The argument FOR bridging therapy in patients on oral anticoagulants requiring temporary interruption for elective procedures. J Thromb Thrombolysis 29, 192–198 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-009-0410-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-009-0410-7