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Quality enhancement in a mm-wave multi-hop, multi-tier heterogeneous 5G network architecture

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Abstract

Millimetre-wave ultra-dense high capacity networks are an important component of future 5G and 6G cellular systems since they are providing extremely high network capacity and speed to the end users. However, disparate types of users coexist in such scenarios, which can make the heterogeneous network unfair in terms of allocation of resources to various users based on their requirements. Therefore, a mechanism is required for effective spectrum sharing and to achieve overall system fairness. In this paper, an analytical model is suggested, which is based on a two-dimensional Markov state-transition diagram, to help set the parameter values to control the issuance of resources in coexistence layouts. A restriction approach is further implemented to gain a fair balance of the Grade-of-Service (GoS) for both user groups using the User Admission Control (UAC) mechanism. The developed mechanism restricts access to various channel resources for users with complete choice to give a greater probability of access to different users with limited resource options. Various levels of restriction are investigated in order to offer a balanced low-blocking probability performance to both user groups in order to improve the overall network fairness. Also, the proposed approach could provide a precise level of Grade-of-Service guarantee for both the user groups if sufficient flexibility is available within the whole network. Our simulations results along with the analytical model demonstrate that approximately 30% to 45% enhancement, in terms of grade of service (GoS), could be achieved in high to medium loads by restricting some of the users’ flexibility. From the analytical model, it is concluded that the blocking of shadowed users are significantly reduced from 7% to 4.5% at high traffic loads. Moreover, the obtained results and findings are verified using a number of case studies and large-scale simulations.

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Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by the Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Pakistan. The research was conducted during a doctorate level study (which was funded by the AWKUM’s faculty development program) under the supervision of Prof. David Grace at the University of York, UK.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan

    Aftab Ahmed, Muhammad Zakarya, Rahim Khan & Ayaz Ali Khan

  2. College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China

    Xuan Liu

  3. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    Ahmad Ali

  4. Department of Computer Science, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Ayaz Ali Khan

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  1. Aftab Ahmed
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  2. Muhammad Zakarya
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  3. Xuan Liu
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  4. Rahim Khan
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  5. Ahmad Ali
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  6. Ayaz Ali Khan
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Contributions

AA: Research, Methodology, Conceptualization, Writing - Original Draft, Software; MZ: Writing - Original Draft; Visualization, Data Curation, XL: Software, Writing - Review & Editing; RK: Visualization, Validation, Investigation; AA: Visualization, Writing - Review & Editing; AAK: Writing - Review & Editing, Revisions;

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Correspondence to Muhammad Zakarya.

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Ahmed, A., Zakarya, M., Liu, X. et al. Quality enhancement in a mm-wave multi-hop, multi-tier heterogeneous 5G network architecture. Telecommun Syst 80, 169–187 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-022-00893-3

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