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A new Sphaeronella species (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Nicothoidae) parasitic on Euphilomedes sp. (Ostracoda: Myodocopa: Philomedidae) from Hokkaido, Japan, with an 18S molecular phylogeny

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Abstract

With about 80 species, Sphaeronella is the most species-rich genus in the copepod family Nicothoidae. To date, 20 named Sphaeronella species have been reported as ectoparasites on ostracod crustaceans. Here we describe Sphaeronella uyenoi sp. nov. parasitic on the philomedid ostracod Euphilomedes sp. collected from Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, northwestern Pacific. Sphaeronella uyenoi most closely resembles S. monothrix (Bowman & Kornicker, 1967), parasitic on the cylindroleberidid Parasterope pollex Kornicker in Bowman & Kornicker in the northwestern Atlantic, but differs from the latter in having (1) the submedian skeleton containing paired, strongly chitinized, Λ-shaped areas and paired wide oblong holes bearing a strongly chitinized fringe posteriorly, and (2) maxillipedal segment 3 with antero-subdistal serration. We determined partial sequences for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S rRNA (18S) genes for S. uyenoi and constructed an 18S-based phylogenetic tree of copepods. In our tree, Nicothoidae was not monophyletic, and S. uyenoi was the sister taxon to Cancerilla sp. in Cancerillidae (ectoparasites on brittle stars).

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The raw data (sampling locality; sampling date; museum deposition numbers, INSD accession numbers, and the depository for specimens) are included in the manuscript.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Hiroshi Kajihara, Aoi Tsuyuki, Shoki Shiraki, and participants in the Laboratory Course in Marine Biology I for help in sampling; the staff of the Akkeshi Marine Station, Hokkaido University for providing the laboratory facilities; and Matthew H. Dick for reviewing the manuscript and editing the English.

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No specific funds for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan

    Keiichi Kakui

  2. Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan

    Mizuho Munakata

Authors
  1. Keiichi Kakui
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  2. Mizuho Munakata
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Contributions

KK made morphological observations on the copepods and conducted the molecular analysis; MM made morphological observations on the ostracods; KK and MM conceived and designed the study, wrote the manuscript, and read and approved the final draft.

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Correspondence to Keiichi Kakui.

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Kakui, K., Munakata, M. A new Sphaeronella species (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Nicothoidae) parasitic on Euphilomedes sp. (Ostracoda: Myodocopa: Philomedidae) from Hokkaido, Japan, with an 18S molecular phylogeny. Syst Parasitol 100, 121–131 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-022-10075-z

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