Abstract
Much philosophical effort has been exerted over problems having to do with the correct analysis and application of the concept of epistemic justification. While I do not wish to dispute the central place of this problem in contemporary epistemology, it seems to me that there is a general neglect of the belief condition for knowledge. In this paper I offer an analysis of ‘degrees of belief’ in terms of a quality I label ‘conviction’, go on to argue that one requires more conviction in a proposition in order to know it than to merely believe it, and conclude by suggesting that some current epistemological issues admit of new insight when we begin taking conviction seriously.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Audi R. (1994) Dispositional beliefs and dispositions to believe. Nous 28(4): 419–434
Bergmann M. (2005) Defeaters and higher level requirements. The Philosophical Quarterly 55: 419–436
Bergmann M. (2006) Justification without awareness. OUP, New York, p 272
Blackburn S. (2005) The Oxford dictionary of philosophy. OUP, New York, p 407
Conee E., Feldman R. (1985) Evidentialism. Philosophical Studies 48: 15–34
DeRose K. (1995) Solving the skeptical problem. The Philosophical Review 104(1): 1–52
Foley R. (1992) The epistemology of belief and the epistemology of degrees of belief. American Philosophical Quarterly 29(2): 111–124
Gärdenfors P., Makinson D. (1988) Revisions of knowledge systems using epistemic entrenchment. In: Vardi M. (eds) Theoretical aspects of reasoning about knowledge. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, pp 83–95
Plantinga A. (1993) Warrant and proper function. OUP, New York, p 243
Pollock J. (1986) Contemporary theories of knowledge. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Savage
Stanley J. (2005) Knowledge and practical interests. OUP, New York
Swinburne R. (2001) Epistemic justification. OUP, New York, p 272
Tolhurst W. (1998) Seemings. American Philosophical Quarterly 35(3): 293–302
Whitaker, C. F. (9 September 1990). “Ask Marilyn” column. Parade Magazine, p. 16.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Anderson, D.J. Knowledge and conviction. Synthese 187, 377–392 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-010-9831-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-010-9831-2