Abstract
A recurring issue in any formal model representing agents’ (changing) informational attitudes is how to account for the fact that the agents are limited in their access to the available inference steps, possible observations and available messages. This may be because the agents are not logically omniscient and so do not have unlimited reasoning ability. But it can also be because the agents are following a predefined protocol that explicitly limits statements available for observation and/or communication. Within the broad literature on epistemic logic, there are a variety of accounts that make precise a notion of an agent’s “limited access” (for example, Awareness Logics, Justification Logics, and Inference Logics). This paper interprets the agents’ access set of formulas as a constraint on the agents’ information gathering process limiting which formulas can be observed.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees whose careful comments greatly improved the content and the readability of this text. The second author would also like to thank the participants at the workshop Formal Theories of Communication at the Lorentz Center in Leiden for their comments on an early version of this paper.
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Eric Pacuit is supported by the NWO Vidi grant 016.094.345.
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Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
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Hoshi, T., Pacuit, E. Dynamic logics of knowledge and access. Synthese 177 (Suppl 1), 29–49 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-010-9768-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-010-9768-5