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Revisiting non-tree routing for maximum lifetime data gathering in wireless sensor networks

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Abstract

Wireless sensor networks usually adopt a tree structure for routing, where each node sends and forwards messages to its parent. However, lifetime maximization with tree routing structure is NP-hard, and all algorithms attempting to find the optimal solution run in exponential time unless \(P=\mathrm{NP}\). This paper revisits the problem of non-tree routing structure, where a node can send different messages to different neighbors. Though lifetime maximization with non-tree routing can be solved in polynomial time, the existing method transforms it into a series of maximum flow problems, which are either complicated or with high running time. This paper proposes an algorithm with O(mn) running time, where m is the number of edges and n is the number of nodes. The heart of the algorithm is a method to find a routing path from any node to the sink in O(m) time without disconnecting existing routing paths. The proposed algorithm is also suitable for distributed implementation. When a node fails, each influenced node can establish a new routing path in O(m) time. Simulations are conducted to compare the optimal lifetimes of tree structure and non-tree structure on random networks. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61972199,61502232).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 211106, Nanjing, China

    Xiaojun Zhu

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  1. Xiaojun Zhu
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Correspondence to Xiaojun Zhu.

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Zhu, X. Revisiting non-tree routing for maximum lifetime data gathering in wireless sensor networks. J Supercomput 77, 8927–8945 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-03621-x

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