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An energy-aware scheduling algorithm for budget-constrained scientific workflows based on multi-objective reinforcement learning

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Abstract

Since scientific workflow scheduling becomes a major energy contributor in clouds, much attention has been paid to reduce the energy consumed by workflows. This paper considers a multi-objective workflow scheduling problem with the budget constraint. Most existing works of budget-constrained workflow scheduling cannot always satisfy the budget constraint and guarantee the feasibility of solutions. Instead, they discuss the success rate in the experiments. Only a few works can always figure out feasible solutions. These methods work, but they are too complicated. In workflow scheduling, it has been a trend to consider more than one objective. However, the weight selection is usually ignored in these works. The inappropriate weights will reduce the quality of solutions. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware multi-objective reinforcement learning (EnMORL) algorithm. We design a much simpler method to ensure the feasibility of solutions. This method is based on the remaining cheapest budget. Reinforcement learning based on the Chebyshev scalarization function is a new framework, which is effective in solving the weight selection problem. Therefore, we design EnMORL based on it. Our goal is to minimize the makespan and energy consumption of the workflow. Finally, we compare EnMORL with two state-of-the-art multi-objective meta-heuristics in the case of four different workflows. The results show that our proposed EnMORL outperforms these existing methods.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions to improve this paper. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant NSFC 61672323, in part by the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University under Grant 2017JC043, in part by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province under Grant 2017GGX10122 and Grant 2017GGX10142, and in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province Grant ZR2019MF072.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China

    Yao Qin & Shanwen Yi

  2. School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China

    Hua Wang

  3. School of Information Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China

    Xiaole Li

  4. School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China

    Linbo Zhai

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  1. Yao Qin
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  2. Hua Wang
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  3. Shanwen Yi
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  4. Xiaole Li
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Correspondence to Hua Wang.

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Qin, Y., Wang, H., Yi, S. et al. An energy-aware scheduling algorithm for budget-constrained scientific workflows based on multi-objective reinforcement learning. J Supercomput 76, 455–480 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-03033-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-03033-y

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