Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Visible watermarking with reversibility of multimedia images for ownership declarations

  • Published:
The Journal of Supercomputing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Digital watermarking technology is primarily the joining of the rightful owner of the protected media. Once the media are suspected to be illegally used, an open algorithm can be used to extract the digital watermark for the purpose of showing the media’s ownership. From a hidden watermark in the media from the appearance point of view, general digital watermarking technologies can be divided into two categories: visible watermark technology and invisible watermark technology. Visual watermark technology embeds a watermark into the protected media to declare ownership and deter pirate behavior. In this paper, we propose a reversible visible watermark method, which embeds a binary-imaged watermark into gray-scale images to create a visible watermark. Not using complex calculations, this paper tries to simply change the pixel value to achieve the digital watermark, where our scheme is also against the possible detections with LSB-based manners in use. Furthermore, a reversible steganographic method is used to embed the watermarking information into the watermarking images. The watermark information can then be used to recover the original images.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Fridrich J, Goljan M, Du R (2001) Invertible authentication. In: Proceedings of SPIE security and watermarking of multimedia contents, pp 197–208

  2. Fridrich J, Goljan M, Du R (2002) Lossless data embedding-new paradigm in digital watermarking. EURASIP J Appl Signal Process 2:185–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Celik MU, Sharma G, Tekalp AM, Saber E (2002) Reversible data hiding. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on image processing, pp 157–160

  4. Celik MU, Sharma G, Tekalp AM, Saber E (2005) Lossless generalized-LSB data embedding. IEEE Trans Image Process 14:253–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Celik MU, Sharma G, Tekalp AM (2006) Lossless watermarking for image authentication: a new framework and an implementation. IEEE Trans Image Process 15:1042–1049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Awrangjeb M, Kankanhalli MS (2004) Lossless watermarking considering the human visual system. Lect Notes Comput Sci 2939:329–336

    Google Scholar 

  7. Awrangjeb M, Kankanhalli MS (2005) Reversible watermarking using a perceptual model. J Electron Imaging 14:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Tian J (2003) Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 13:890–896

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Alattar M (2004) Reversible watermark using the difference expansion of a generalized integer transform. IEEE Trans Image Process 13:1147–1156

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Chang C, Lu TC (2006) A difference expansion oriented data hiding scheme for restoring the original host images. J Syst Softw 79:1754–1766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Weng S, Zhao Y, Pan JS, Ni R (2007) A novel reversible watermarking based on an integer transform. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on image processing, pp 241–244

  12. Weng S, Zhao Y, Pan JS, Ni R (2008) Reversible watermarking based on invariability and adjustment on pixel pairs. IEEE Signal Process Lett 15:721–724

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ni Z, Shi YQ, Ansari N, Su W (2006) Reversible data hiding. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 16:354–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Li YC, Yeh CM, Chang CC (2010) Data hiding based on the similarity between neighboring pixels with reversibility. Digit Signal Process 20:1116–1128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Lin CC, Hsueh NL (2008) A lossless data hiding scheme based on three-pixel block differences. Pattern Recognit 41:1415–1425

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Lin CC, Tai WL, Chang CC (2008) Multilevel reversible data hiding based on histogram modification of difference images. Pattern Recognit 41(12):3582–3591

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Tsai P, Hu YC, Yeh HL (2009) Reversible image hiding scheme using predictive coding and histogram shifting. Signal Process 89(6):1129–1143

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Tseng HW, Hsieh CP (2009) Prediction-based reversible data hiding. Inf Sci 179(14):2460–2469

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Zeng XT, Ping L, Li Z (2009) Lossless data hiding scheme using adjacent pixel difference based on scan path. J Multimed 4:145–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Yang CH, Tsai MH (2010) Improving histogram-based reversible data hiding by interleaving predictions. IET Image Process 4(4):223–234

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Yang B, Lu ZM, Sun SH (2005) Reversible watermarking in the VQ-compressed domain. In: Proceedings of the Fifth IASTED international conference on visualization, imaging, and image processing (VIIP’2005), pp 298–303

  22. Chen WJ, Huang WT (2009) VQ indexes compression and information hiding using hybrid lossless index coding. Digital Signal Process 19:433–443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Lu ZM, Wang JX, Liu BB (2009) An improved lossless data hiding scheme based on image VQ-index residual value coding. J Syst Softw 82:1016–1024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Lee CF, Chen HL, Lai SH (2010) An adaptive data hiding scheme with high embedding capacity and visual image quality based on SMVQ prediction through classification codebooks. Image Vis Comput 28:1293–1302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Hu YJ, Kwong S, Huang J (2006) An algorithm for removable visible watermarking. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 16:129–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Hu Y, Jeon B (2006) Reversible visible watermarking and lossless recovery of original images. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 16(11):1423–1429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Lin SD, Shie SC (2004) Improving robustness of visible watermarking schemes for images. In: The 2004 IEEE international symposium on consumer electronics, pp 11–14

  28. Tsai HM, Chang LW (2007) A high secure reversible visible watermarking scheme. IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo, pp 2106–2109

  29. Hu Y, Kwong S (2001) Wavelet domain adaptive visible watermarking. Electron. Lett. 37(20):1219–1220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Liu TY, Tsai WH (2010) Generic lossless visible watermarking—a new approach. IEEE Trans Image Process 19(5):1224–1235

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  31. Yang Y, Sun X, Yang H, Li C-T, Xiao R (2009) A contrast-sensitive reversible visible image watermarking technique. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 19(5):656–667

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Yip SK, Au OC, Ho CW, Wong HM (2006) Lossless visible watermarking. IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo, pp 853–856

  33. Tsai HM, Chang LW (2010) Secure reversible visible image watermarking with authentication. Signal Process Image Commun 25(1):10–17

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  34. Tsai MJ (2009) A visible watermarking algorithm based on the content and contrast aware (COCOA) technique. J Vis Commun Image Represent 20:323–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Zhang X, Wang S (2006) Efficient steganographic embedding by exploiting modification direction. IEEE Commun Lett 10:781–783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Wu X, Memon N (1997) Context-based, adaptive, lossless image coding. IEEE Trans Commun 45(4):437–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Dumitrescu S, Wu X, Memon N (2002) On steganalysis of random LSB embedding in continuous-tone images. International conference on proceedings in image processing, pp 641–644

  38. Fillatre L (2012) Adaptive steganalysis of least significant bit replacement in grayscale natural images. IEEE Trans Signal Process 60(2):556–569

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was partially supported by the National Science Council of the Republic of China under the Grant NSC 100-2221-E-015-001-MY2-, NSC 102-2221-E-015-001-, 101-2221-E-008-028 -MY2, 100-2218-E-008 -013 -MY3, and NSC 101-2221-E-153-002-MY2.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan , 320, Taiwan

    Fu-Hau Hsu & Min-Hao Wu

  2. Department of Computer Science, National Pingtung University of Education, Pingtung , 900, Taiwan

    Cheng-Hsing Yang

  3. Department of Information Management, Central Police University, Taoyuan , 333, Taiwan

    Shiuh-Jeng Wang

Authors
  1. Fu-Hau Hsu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Min-Hao Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Cheng-Hsing Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shiuh-Jeng Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shiuh-Jeng Wang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hsu, FH., Wu, MH., Yang, CH. et al. Visible watermarking with reversibility of multimedia images for ownership declarations. J Supercomput 70, 247–268 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-014-1258-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-014-1258-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation