Abstract
Every truth-functional three-valued propositional logic can be conservatively translated into the modal logic S5. We prove this claim constructively in two steps. First, we define a Translation Manual that converts any propositional formula of any three-valued logic into a modal formula. Second, we show that for every S5-model there is an equivalent three-valued valuation and vice versa. In general, our Translation Manual gives rise to translations that are exponentially longer than their originals. This fact raises the question whether there are three-valued logics for which there is a shorter translation into S5. The answer is affirmative: we present an elegant linear translation of the Logic of Paradox and of Strong Three-valued Logic into S5.
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Kooi, B., Tamminga, A. Three-valued Logics in Modal Logic. Stud Logica 101, 1061–1072 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11225-012-9420-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11225-012-9420-0