Skip to main content
Log in

Shear Behavior of Non-Persistent Joint Under High Normal Load

  • Published:
Strength of Materials Aims and scope

In this paper, the effect of joint separation on the shear behavior of planar non-persistent joints under high normal load has been investigated using PFC2D. Initially calibration of PFC was undertaken with respect to the data obtained from experimental laboratory tests to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical models response. Furthermore, validation of the simulated models were cross checked with the results of direct shear tests performed on non-persistent jointed physical models. Through numerical direct shear tests, the failure process was visually observed, and the failure patterns were found reasonably similar to the experimentally observed trends. The discrete element simulations demonstrated that the failure pattern was mostly influenced by joint separation, while the shear strength was linked to the failure pattern and failure mechanism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 11.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R. H. C. Wong and K. T. Chau, “Crack coalescence in rock-like material containing two cracks,” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 35, 147–164 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. B. Stimpson, “Failure of slopes containing discontinuous planar joints,” in: Proc. of the 19th US Symp. on Rock Mechanics, Stateline, NV (1978), pp. 296–302.

  3. E. Z. Lajtai, “Strength of discontinuous rocks in direct shear,” Geotechnique, 19, 218–233 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. E. Z. Lajtai, “Shear strength of weakness planes in rock,” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 6, 499–515 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. T. Savilahti, E. Nordlund, and O. Stephansson, “Shear box testing and modeling of joint bridge,” in: N. Barton and O. Stephansson (Eds.), Rock Joints (Proc. of a Regional Conference of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, June 4–6, 1990, Loen, Norway), Balkema, Rotterdam (1990), pp. 295–300.

    Google Scholar 

  6. R. H. C. Wong, W. L. Leung, and S. W. Wang, “Shear strength study on rock-like models containing arrayed open joints,” in: D. Elsworth, J. P. Tinucci, and K. A. Heasley (Eds.), Rock Mechanics in the National Interest (Proc. of the 38th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium, July 7–10, 2001, Washington, D.C.), Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, the Netherlands (2001), pp. 843–849.

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. Ghazvinian, M. R. Nikudel, and V. Sarfarazi, “Effect of rock bridge continuity and area on shear behavior of joints,” in: Proc. of the 11th ISRM Congress (July 9–13, 2007, Lisbon, Portugal), Document ID: ISRM-11CONGRESS-2007-054 (2007).

  8. A. Carpinteri and S. Valente, “Size-scale transition from ductile to brittle failure: a dimensional analysis approach,” in: J. Mazars and Z. P. Baþant (Eds.), Cracking and Damage – Strain Localization and Size Effect (CNRS-NSF Workshop, Sept. 1988, Cachan, France), Elsevier, London (1989), pp. 447–490.

    Google Scholar 

  9. O. Mughieda and M. T. Omar, “Stress analysis for rock mass failure with offset joints,” Geotech. Geol. Eng., 26, 543–552 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. G. E. Blandford, A. R. Ingraffea, and J. A. Ligget, “Two dimensional stress intensity factor computations using the boundary element method,” Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng., 17, 387–401 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. M. H. Aliabadi and C. A. Brebbia, Advances in Boundary Element Methods for Fracture Mechanics, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  12. N. Altiero and G. Gioda, “An integral equation approach to fracture propagation in rocks,” Riv. Ital. Geotecnica, 16, 55–69 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  13. M. J. Yang, M. X. Chen, and Y. N. He, “Stochastic FEM analysis of grouting in fracrtured rock mass,” in: H. Xie, Y. Wang, and Y. Jiang (Eds.), Computer Applications in Minerals Industries (Proc. of the 29th Int. Symp., April 25–27, 2001, Beijing, China), Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, the Netherlands (2001), pp. 635–638.

    Google Scholar 

  14. S. Zhang, “FEM analysis on mixed-mode fracture of CSM-GRP,” Eng. Fract. Mech., 23, No. 3, 523–535 (1986).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. H. Kazuo, O. Akihiko, and A. Hiroyuki, “BEM analysis of a cylin-drical three-point bend specimen with a chevron crack for fracture toughness test of rock,” Trans. JSME, 54, 1541–1545 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  16. B. Shen and O. Stephansson, “Modification of the G-criterion for fracture propagation subjected to compression,” Eng. Fract. Mech., 47, No. 2, 177–189 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. B. Vasarhelyi and A. Bobet, “Modeling of crack initiation, propagation and coalescence in uniaxial compression,” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 33, No. 2, 119–139 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. F. Erdogan and G. C. Sih, “On the crack extension path in plates under plane loading and transverse shear,” J. Basic Eng.-T. ASME, 85, 519–527 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. M. A. Hussain, S. L. Pu, and J. H. Underwood, “Strain energy release rate for a crack under combined mode I and mode II,” in: Fracture Analysis, ASTM STP 560, Philadelphia, PA (1974), pp. 2–28.

  20. G. C. Sih, “Strain-energy-density factor applied to mixed mode crack problems,” Int. J. Fracture, 10, 305–321 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. H. Lee and S. Jeon, “An experimental and numerical study of fracture coalescence in pre-cracked specimens under uniaxial compression,” Int. J. Solids Struct., 48, No. 6, 979–999 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Ghazvinian, V. Sarfarazi, W. Schubert, and M. Blumel, “A study of the failure mechanism of planar non-persistent open joints using PFC2D,” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 45, No. 5, 677–693 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  23. A. Manouchehrian, M. Sharifzadeh, M. F. Marji, and J. Gholamnejad, “A bonded particle model for analysis of the flaw orientation effect on crack propagation mechanism in brittle materials under compression,” Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng., 14, 40–52 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. X. Zhang and L. N. Y. Wong, “Cracking process in rock-like material containing a single flaw under uniaxial compression: a numerical study based on parallel bonded- particle model approach,” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 45, No. 5, 711–737 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  25. X. Zhang and L. N. Y. Wong, “Crack initiation, propagation and coalescence in rock-like material containing two flaws: a numerical study based on bonded-particle, model approach,” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 46, No. 5, 1001–1021 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. S. Q. Yang, Y. H. Huang, H. W. Jing, and X. R. Liu, “Discrete element modeling on fracture coalescence behaviour of red sandstone containing two unparallel fissures under uniaxial compression,” Eng. Geol., 178, 28–48 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. V. Sarfarazi, A. Ghazvinian, W. Schubert, et al., “Numerical simulation of the process of fracture of echelon rock joints,” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 47, No. 4, 1355–1371 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Particle Flow Code in 2-Dimensions (PFC2D), Version 3.10, Itasca Consulting Group Inc., Minneapolis, MN (2004).

  29. P. Cundall, “A computer model for simulating progressive large scale movements in blocky rock systems,” in: Proc. of the Symp. of International Society of Rock Mechanics, Vol. 1, Paper No. II-8, Nancy, France (1971).

  30. D. O. Potyondy and P. A. Cundall, “A bonded-particle model for rock,” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 41, No. 8, 1329–1364 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. Haeri.

Additional information

Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 2, pp. 132 – 148, March – April, 2017.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sarfarazi, V., Haeri, H., Shemirani, A.B. et al. Shear Behavior of Non-Persistent Joint Under High Normal Load. Strength Mater 49, 320–334 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11223-017-9872-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11223-017-9872-6

Keywords

Navigation