Skip to main content
Log in

Project managers in global software development teams: a study of the effects on productivity and performance

  • Published:
Software Quality Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Globalization is having a deep impact on today’s world economy. One of the most affected industries is the software industry. Recently, global software development (GSD) has gained a lot of attention. This new trend of producing software is influencing all software processes, including human resource management. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the implications of GSD for software project managers by analyzing project performance from different perspectives such as the 360-degree feedback evaluation. Results show that performance of GSD projects is lower than in-house projects, but apart from that, this study reveals that there are also negative consequences for software project managers, which need to be taken into account. For instance, the experiment revealed a lack of attention to tasks by software project managers and, as a consequence of this, performance losses. The main conclusions of this research may be valuable for software development organizations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Albrecht, A. J., & Gaffney, J. E. (1983). Software function, source lines of code, and development effort prediction: A software science validation. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 9(6), 639–648.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali Barbar, M., Verner, J. M., & Nguyen, P. T. (2007). Establishing and maintaining trust in software outsourcing relationships: An empirical investigation. Journal of Systems and Software, 80(9), 1438–1449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, R. (1999). Project management: cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria. International Journal of Project Management, 17(6), 337–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atwater, L. E., & Brett, J. F. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of reactions to developmental 360° feedback. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(3), 532–548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avritzer, A., Paulish, D., Cai, Y., & Sethi, K. (2010). Coordination implications of software architecture in a global software development project. Journal of Systems and Software, 83(10), 1881–1895.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beehr, T. A., Ivanitskaya, L., Hansen, C. P., Erofeev, D., & Gudanowski, D. M. (2001). Evaluation of 360 degree feedback ratings: relationships with each other and with performance and selection predictors. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 22(7), 775–788.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boehm, B. W., & Ross, R. (1989). Theory-W software project management principles and examples. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 15(7), 902–916.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bosch, J., & Bosch-Sijtsema, P. (2010). From integration to composition: On the impact of software product lines, global development and ecosystems. Journal of Systems and Software, 83(1), 67–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brutus, S., Fleenor, J. W., & London, M. (1998). Does 360-degree feedback work in different industries?: A between-industry comparison of the reliability and validity of multi-source performance ratings. Journal of Management Development, 17(3), 177–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carmel, E., & Agarwal, R. (2001). Tactical approaches for alleviating distance in global software development. IEEE Software, 18(2), 22–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carmel, E., & Tjia, P. (2005). Offshoring information technology: Sourcing and outsourcing to a global workforce. Cambridge: UK.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Casey, V., & Richardson, I. (2008). Virtual teams: understanding the impact of fear. Software Process: Improvement and Practice, 13(6), 511–526.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casey, V., & Richardson, I. (2009). Implementation of global software development: a structured approach. Software Process Improvement and Practice, 14(5), 247–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Church, A. H. (2000). Do higher performing managers actually receive better ratings? A validation of multirater assessment methodology. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 52(2), 99–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clott, C. B. (2004). Perspectives on global outsourcing and the changing nature of work. Business and Society Review, 109(2), 153–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colazo, J. A., & Fang, J. (2010). Following the sun: temporal dispersion and performance in open source Software project teams. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 11(11), 684–707.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colomo-Palacios, R., Casado-Lumbreras, C., Soto-Acosta, P., & García-Crespo, A. (2011). Using the affect grid to measure emotions in software requirements engineering. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 17(9), 1281–1298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colomo-Palacios, R., Casado-Lumbreras, C., Soto-Acosta, P., Misra, S., & García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2012). Analyzing human resource management practices within the GSD context. Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 15(3), 30–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conchuir, E. O., Holmstrom-Olson, H., Agerfalk, P. J., & Fitzgerald, B. (2009). Benefits of global software development: Exploring the unexplored. Software Process Improvement and Practice, 14(4), 201–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crow, G. B., & Muthuswamy, B. (2003). International outsourcing in the information technology industry: Trends and implications. Communications of the International Information Management Association, 3(1), 25–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cusumano, M. A. (2008). Managing software development in globally distributed teams. Communications of the ACM, 51(2), 15–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Mello, M., & Sahay, S. (2007). “I am kind of a nomad where I have to go places and places”… Understanding mobility, place and identity in global software work from India. Information and Organization, 17(3), 162–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Damian, D., & Moitra, D. (2006). Global software development: How far have we come? IEEE Software, 23(5), 17–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dweiri, F. T., & Kablan, M. M. (2006). Using fuzzy decision making for the evaluation of the project management internal efficiency. Decision Support Systems, 42(2), 712–726.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ebert, C. (2012). Global software and IT: A guide to distributed development, projects, and outsourcing. NY: Wiley-IEEE Computer Society Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • García-Crespo, Á., Colomo-Palacios, R., Soto-Acosta, P., & Ruano-Mayoral, M. (2010). a qualitative study of hard decision making in managing global software development teams. Information Systems Management, 27(3), 247–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • García-Guzmán, J., Saldaña-Ramos, J., Amescua-Seco, A., & Sanz-Esteban, A. (2010). How to get mature global virtual teams: a framework to improve team process management in distributed software teams. Software Quality Journal, 18(4), 409–435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • García-Guzmán, J., Saldaña-Ramos, J., Amescua-Seco, A., & Sanz-Esteban, A. (2011). Success factors for the management of global virtual teams for software development. International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals, 2(2), 48–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gefen, D., & Carmel, E. (2008). Is the world really flat? A look at offshoring at an online programming marketplace. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 32(2), 367–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, A. (2009). Deriving mutual benefits from offshore outsourcing. Communications of the ACM, 52(6), 122–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, A., & Seshasai, S. (2007). 24-hour knowledge factory: Using internet technology to leverage spatial and temporal separations. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, 7(3), 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, A., Mattarelli, E., Seshasai, S., & Broschak, J. (2009). Use of collaborative technologies and knowledge sharing in co-located and distributed teams: Towards the 24-h knowledge factory. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 18(3), 147–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herbsleb, J. D., & Mockus, A. (2003). An empirical study of speed and communication in globally distributed software development. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 29(9), 481–494.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herbsleb, J. D., & Moitra, D. (2001). Global software development. IEEE Software, 18(2), 16–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-López, A., Colomo Palacios, R., García Crespo, A., & Soto-Acosta, P. (2010a). Trust building process for global software development teams. A review from the Literature. International Journal of Knowledge Society Research, 1(1): 65–82.

  • Hernández-López, A., Colomo-Palacios, R., García-Crespo, Á., & Soto-Acosta, P. (2010b). Team software process in GSD teams: A study of new work practices and models. International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals, 1(3), 32–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jalote, P., & Jain, G. (2006). Assigning tasks in a 24-h software development model. Journal of Systems and Software, 79(7), 904–911.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, J., & Klein, G. (2000). Software development risks to project effectiveness. Journal of Systems and Software, 52(1), 3–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, S. U., Niazi, M., & Ahmad, R. (2011). Factors influencing clients in the selection of offshore software outsourcing vendors: An exploratory study using a systematic literature review. Journal of Systems and Software, 84(4), 686–699.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kommeren, R., & Parviainen, P. (2007). Philips experiences in global distributed software development. Empirical Software Engineering, 12(6), 647–660.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishna, S., Sahay, S., & Walsham, G. (2004). Managing cross-cultural issues in global software outsourcing. Communications of the ACM, 47(4), 62–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kunda, D., & Brooks, L. (2000). Assessing organizational obstacles to component-based development: A case study approach. Information and Software Technology, 42(10), 715–725.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Layman, L., Williams, L., Damian, D., & Bures, H. (2006). Essential communication practices for extreme programming in a global software development team. Information and Software Technology, 48(9), 781–794.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martins, L. L., Gilson, L. L., & Maynard, M. T. (2004). Virtual teams: What do we know and where do we go from here? Journal of Management, 30(6), 805–835.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massingham, P., Nguyen, T. N. Q., & Massingham, R. (2011). Using 360 degree peer review to validate self-reporting in human capital measurement. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 12(1), 43–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milewski, A. E., Tremaine, M., Köbler, F., Egan, R., Zhang, S., & O’Sullivan, P. (2008). Guidelines for effective bridging in global software engineering. Software Process: Improvement and Practice, 13(6), 477–492.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muhairat, M., Aldaajeh, S., & Al-Qutaish, R. E. (2010). The impact of global software development factors on effort estimation methods. European Journal of Scientific Research, 46(2), 221–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noll, J., Beecham, S., & Richardson, I. (2010). Global software development and collaboration: Barriers and solutions. ACM Inroads, 1(3), 66–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, R. P. (1971). Can project management be defined? Project Management Quarterly, 2(1), 12–14.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Oza, N. V., Hall, T., Rainer, A., & Grey, S. (2006). Trust in software outsourcing relationships: An empirical investigation of Indian software companies. Information and Software Technology, 48(5), 345–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prikladnicki, R., & Audy, J. L. N. (2010). Process models in the practice of distributed software development: A systematic review of the literature. Information and Software Technology, 52(8), 779–791.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prikladnicki, R., Audy, J. L. N., & Evaristo, R. (2003). Global software development in practice lessons learned. Software Process: Improvement and Practice, 8(4), 267–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramasubbu, N., & Balan, R.K. (2007). Globally distributed software development project performance: an empirical analysis. Proceedings of the 6th joint meeting of the European software engineering conference and the ACM SIGSOFT symposium on the foundations of software engineering: pp. 125–134.

  • Ramasubbu, N., Krishnan, M. S., & Kompalli, P. (2005). Leveraging global resources: A process maturity framework for managing distributed development. IEEE Software, 22(3), 80–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, M., & Kalakota, R. (2004). Offshore outsourcing: Business models. ROI and Best Practices: Mivar Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, P., & Lea, M. (2005). Social presence in distributed group environments: the role of social identity. Behaviour & Information Technology, 24(2), 151–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, J., Pedersen, K., Hosbond, J. H., & Kræmmergaard, P. (2007). Management competences, not tools and techniques: A grounded examination of software project management at WM-data. Information and Software Technology, 49(6), 605–624.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smite, D., & Wohlin, C. (2011). Strategies facilitating software product transfers. IEEE Software, 28(5), 60–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smite, D., Wohlin, C., Gorschek, T., & Feldt, R. (2010). Empirical evidence in global software engineering: A systematic review. Empirical Software Engineering, 15(1), 91–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sooraj, P., & Mohapatra, P. K. J. (2008). Modeling the 24-h software development process. Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal, 1(2), 122–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Fundación Cajamurcia for the financial support provided.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ricardo Colomo-Palacios.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Colomo-Palacios, R., Casado-Lumbreras, C., Soto-Acosta, P. et al. Project managers in global software development teams: a study of the effects on productivity and performance. Software Qual J 22, 3–19 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11219-012-9191-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11219-012-9191-x

Keywords

Navigation