Abstract
The anti-bullying programme ‘Zero’ was implemented at 146 Norwegian primary schools. The outcome among pupils was evaluated after 12 months of the total 16-month period using an age-equivalent design. The present study shows that bullying was reduced among pupils in the schools participating in the Zero programme. Moreover, National surveys in spring 2001 and spring 2004 showed a reduction in pupils being victimised in Norway over 3 years. The high profiled national Manifesto Against Bullying started officially in September 2002 and the first period lasted 2 years. The majority of the schools comprising the 2004 national sample reported a substantial increase in anti-bullying work compared to the three-year period before 2001. Interactions between national concern and programme effect are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berkowitz L. (1993) Aggression, its causes, consequences, and control. McGraw-Hill, New York
Björkqvist K., Lagerspetz K.M.J., Kaukiainen A. (1992) Do girls manipulate and boys fight?. Aggressive Behavior 18: 117–127
Cowie H., Jennifer D., Sharp S. (2003) School violence in the United Kingdom. In: Smith P.K. (eds) Violence in schools. The response from Europe. Routledge Falmer, London
Dodge K.A. (1991) The structure and function of reactive and proactive aggression. In: Pepler K.E.D., Rubin K. (eds) The development and treatment of childhood aggression. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, New Jersey
Dodge K.A., Coie J.D. (1987) Social-information-processing factors in reactive and proactive aggression in children’s per groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53: 1146–1158
Dollard J., Doob L., Miller N., Mowrer O., Sears R. (1939) Frustration and aggression. Yale University Press, New Haven
Elias J.M., Zins J.E., Graczyk P.A., Weissberg R.P. (2003) Implementation, sustainability and scaling up for social-emotional and academic innovations in public schools. School Psychology Reviews 32(3): 303–319
Fullan M. (2001) The new meaning of educational change (3rd edn). Teacher College Press, New York
Harachi T.W., Catalano R.F., Hawkins J.D. (1999) United States. In: Morita Y., Smith P.K., Junger-Tas J., Olweus D., Catalano R., Slee P. (eds) The nature of school bullying. A cross-national perspective. Routledge, London
Hatton E. (2001) School development planning in a small primary school. Addressing the challenge in rural NSW. Journal of Educational Administration 39(2): 118–133
Idsoe T., Solli E., Cosmovici E.M. (2008) Social psychological processes in family and school: More evidence on their relative significance for bullying behaviour. Aggressive Behavior 34: 460–474
Marks H.M., Seashore Louis K. (1999) Teacher empowerment and the capacity for organizational learning. Educational Administration Quarterly 3: 707–740
Mellor A. (1999) Scotland. In: Morita Y., Smith P.K., Junger-Tas J., Olweus D., Catalano R., Slee P. (eds) The nature of school bullying. A cross-national perspective. Routledge, London
Midthassel U.V., Bru E., Idsøe T. (2000) The principal’s role in promoting school development activity in Norwegian compulsory schools. School Leadership and Management 20(2): 247–260
Midthassel U.V., Bru E., Idsøe T. (2008) Is the sustainability of reduction in bullying related to follow-up procedures?. Educational Psychology 28(1): 83–95
Morita, Y., Soeda, H., Soeda, K., & Taki, M. (1999). In Y. Morita, P. K. Smith, J. Junger-Tas, D. Olweus, R. Catalano & P. Slee (Eds.), The nature of school Bullying. A cross-national perspective. London: Routledge.
Murakami Y. (1985) Bullies in the classroom. Japan Quarterly 32: 407–409
Norusis M.J. (2000) Guide to data analysis. Chicago, IL., Prentice Hall, Inc.
O‘Moore A.M. (1989) Bullying in Britain and Ireland: An overview. In: Munthe E., Roland R. (eds) Bullying: An international perspective. David Fulton Publishers, London
O’Moore A.M., Minton S.J. (2004) Ireland: The Donegal Primary Schools’ anti- bullying project. In: Pepler D., Rigby K., Smith P.K. (eds) Bullying in schools. How successful can interventions be?. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Olweus D. (1993) Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Blackwell, Oxford
Olweus D. (1999a) Sweden. In: Morita Y., Smith P.K., Junger-Tas J., Olweus D., Catalano R., Slee P. (eds) The nature of school bullying. A cross-national perspective. Routledge, London
Olweus D. (1999b) Norway. In: Morita Y., Smith P.K., Junger-Tas J., Olweus D., Catalano R., Slee P. (eds) The nature of school bullying. A cross-national perspective. Routledge, London
Olweus D. (2004) The Olweus bullying prevention programme: Design and implementation issues and a new national initiative in Norway. In: Pepler D., Rigby K., Smith P.K. (eds) Bullying in schools. How successful can interventions be?. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Olweus D., Roland E. (1983) Mobbing: Bakgrunn og tiltak. Kirke- og Undervisningsdepartementet, Oslo
Owens L., Shute R., Slee P. (2000) “Guess what I just heard!”: Indirect aggression among teenage girls in Australia. Aggressive Behavior 26: 67–83
Parada R.H. (2006) School bullying: Psychosocial determinants and effective intervention. University of Western Sydney, Sydney
Perry C. (2000) Mentoring partnership in collaboration: One school’s story of professional development. Mentoring and Tutoring 8(3): 241–250
Rigby K., Slee P. (1999) Australia. In: Morita Y., Smith P.K., Junger-Tas J., Olweus D., Catalano R., Slee P. (eds) The nature of school bullying. A cross-national perspective. Routledge, London
Roland E. (1999) School influences on bullying. Rebell, Stavanger
Roland E. (2007) Mobbingens psykologi. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo
Roland E., Galloway D. (2002) Classroom influences on bullying. Educational Research 44: 299–312
Roland E., Galloway D. (2004) Can we reduce bullying by improving classroom management?. ACPP Occational Papers 23: 35–40
Roland E., Idsøe T. (2001) Aggression and bullying. Aggressive Behavior 27: 446–462
Roland E., Vaaland G. (2003) Zero, SAFs program mot mobbing. En lærerveiledning. Senter for atferdsforskning, Stavanger
Salmivalli C., Østerman K., Østerman K., Østerman K., Østerman K. (1996) Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior 22: 1–15
Slonje R., Smith P.K. (2007) Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying?. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 49(2): 147–154
Smith, P. K. (2005). Definition, types and prevalence of school bullying and violence. In E. S. E. Munthe, E. Ytre-Arne & E. Roland (Eds.), Taking Fear out of Schools. Stavanger: University of Stavanger. Centre for Behavioural Research.
Smith P.K., Morita Y., Junger-Tas J., Olweus D., Catalano R.F., Slee P.E. (1999) The nature of school bullying: A cross-national perspective. Routledge, New York
Smith P.K., Pepler D., Rigby K.E. (2004) Bullying in schools. How successful can interventions be?. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Snyder L.B., Hamilton M.A. (2002) A meta-analysis of U.S. Health campaign effects on behavior: Emphasize enforcement, exposure, and new information and beware the secular trend. In: Hornic R.C. (eds) Public health communication. Evidence for behavior change. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc., Mahwah, NJ, pp 357–383
Sullivan K., Cleary M., Sullivan G. (2004) Bullying in secondary schools. Paul Chapman Publishing, London
Tikkanen, T., & Junge, A. (2004) Realisering av en visjon om et mobbefritt oppvekstmiljø for barn og unge. Stavanger, RF-Rogalandsforskning.
Yoon J.S., Barton E., Taiariol J. (2004) Relational aggression in middle school: Eductional implications of developmental research. Journal of Early Adolescence 24(3): 303–318
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Roland, E., Bru, E., Midthassel, U.V. et al. The Zero programme against bullying: effects of the programme in the context of the Norwegian manifesto against bullying. Soc Psychol Educ 13, 41–55 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-009-9096-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-009-9096-0