Abstract
Using insights from the tradition of via negativa and the work of Emmanuel Levinas, this paper proposes that unknowability can occupy an important place in teaching and learning, a place that embraces the unknowable in general, as well as the unknowable Other, in particular. It is argued that turning toward both via negativa and Levinas offers us an alternative to conceptualizing the roles of the ethical and the unknowable in educational praxis. This analysis can open possibilities to transform how educators think about the goals of education in two important ways. First, creating spaces for embracing unknowing in educational settings is an act of ethical responsibility that recovers a sense of the Other and his/her uniqueness. Second, rethinking the value of unknowing in the classroom may inspire in students and teachers a sense of vigilance, responsibility and witnessing. Unknowing is an act of embracing otherness and presents a curious element of redemption; in the lack of knowledge, the meaning of its absence is found.
This is a preview of subscription content,
to check access.Similar content being viewed by others
References
K. Abunuwara (1998) ArticleTitleDrawing on Levinas to redefine education: Making the unknowable the new priority Education 119 147–150
G.J.J. Biesta (1998) ArticleTitleSay you want a revolution... Suggestions for the impossible future of critical pedagogy Educational Theory 48 499–510 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1741-5446.1998.00499.x
G.J.J. Biesta (2001) “Preparing for the incalculable”: Deconstruction, justice, and the question of education G.J.J. Biesta D. Egéa-Kuehne (Eds) Derrida and education Routledge London/New York 32–54
G.J.J. Biesta (2003) ArticleTitleLearning from Levinas: A response Studies in Philosophy and Education 22 61–68 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1021137611436
M. Boler (1999) Feeling power: Emotions and education Routlege New York
M. Boler M. Zembylas (2003) Discomforting truths: The emotional terrain of understanding differences P. Tryfonas (Eds) Pedagogies of difference: Rethinking education for social justice Routlege New York 110–136
M. Child D. Williams J. Birch R. Boody (1995) ArticleTitleAutonomy or heteronomy Levinas's challenge to modernism and postmodernism Educational Theory 45 167–189 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1741-5446.1995.00167.x
A. Chinnery (2003) ArticleTitleAesthetics of surrender: Levinas and the disruption of agency in moral education Studies in Philosophy and Education 22 5–17 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1021129309618
G. Deleuze F. Guattari (1983) Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and schizophrenia University of Minnesota Press Minneapolis
G. Deleuze F. Guattari (1987) A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia University of Minnesota Press Minneapolis
H. Vries Particlede (1999) Philosophy and the turn to religion. The John Hopkins University Press Baltimore, MD
Dionysius the Areopagite (1997) On the divine names and the mystical theology (C.E. Rolt, trans.) Kessinger Publishing Company New York
E. Ellsworth (1989) ArticleTitleWhy doesn't this feel empowering? Working through the repressive myths of critical pedagogy Harvard Educational Review 59 297–324
Emery, E. (1999). Face to face with the real world: Contemporary applications of Levinas. Paper presented at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, in conjunction with the Toronto Institute for Contemporary Psychoanalysis.
D. Green (1986) ArticleTitleSt John of the Cross and mystical “unknowing” Religious Studies 22 29–40
R.H. Jones (1981) ArticleTitleVidya and avidya in the Isa Upanisad Philosophy East and West 31 79–87
J. Kosky (2002) Levinas and the philosophy of religion Indiana University Press Bloomington
B. Lawrence (1999) ArticleTitleTalking to a silent God: Donne's holy sonnets and the via negativa Renascence 51 95–109
E. Levinas (1969) Totality and infinity Duquesne University Press Pittsburgh
E. Levinas (1981) Otherwise than being or beyond essence (A. Lingis, trans.) Martinus Nijhoff The Hague
E. Levinas (1985) Ethics and infinity (R.A. Cohen, trans.) Duquesne University Press Pittsburg
E. Levinas (1987a) Collected philosophical papers (A. Lingis trans.). Dordrecht The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
E. Levinas (1987b) Time and the other and additional essays (R.A Cohen, trans.) Duquesne University Press Pittsburgh
Levinas, E. (1989). In S. Hand (ed), The Levinas reader. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
E. Levinas R. Kearney (1986) Dialogue with Emmanuel Levinas R.A. Cohen (Eds) Face to face with Levinas State University of New York Press Albany 13–33
E. McWilliam (1996) ArticleTitleTouchy subjects: A risky inquiry into pedagogical pleasure British Educational Research Journal 22 305–319
E. McWilliam (1997) Beyond the missionary position: Teacher desire and radical pedagogy S. Todd (Eds) Learning desire: Perspectives on pedagogy, culture and the unsaid Routledge New York 217–236
Nicholas of Cusa (1954) Of learned ignorance (G. Heron, trans.) Routledge and Kegan Paul London
K. Oliver (2000) Witnessing otherness in history H. Marchitello (Eds) What happens to history: The renewal of ethics in contemporary thought Routledge New York 41–66
B. Readings (1996) The university in ruins Harvard University Press Cambridge
P.M. Rosenau (1992) Post-modernism and the social sciences. Princeton University Press Princeton, NJ
C.A. Safstrom (2003) ArticleTitleTeaching otherwise Studies in Philosophy and Education 22 19–29 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1021181326457
R.I. Simon (2003) ArticleTitleInnocence without naiveté, uprightness without stupidity: The pedagogical kavannah of Emmanuel Levinas Studies in Philosophy and Education 22 45–59 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1021185527365
St John of the Cross. (2001). The collected works of St. John of the Cross (K. Kavanaugh & O. Rodriguez, trans.). Washington, DC: ICS Publications.
M. Srajek (2000) In the margins of deconstruction: Jewish conceptions of ethics in Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida. Duquesne University Press Pittsburgh, PA
O.F. Summerell (Eds) (1998) The otherness of God University of Virginia Press Charlottesville
S. Todd (2003) Levinas, psychoanalysis, and ethical possibilities in education: Learning from the other State University of New York Press Albany
D. Turner (1998) ArticleTitleThe art of unknowing: Negative theology in late medieval mysticism Modern Theology 14 473–488 Occurrence Handle10.1111/1468-0025.00075
Unknown Author. (1978). The cloud of unknowing and other works. In C. Wolters, (ed), London: Penguin Books.
M. Zembylas P. Michaelides (2004) ArticleTitleThe sound of silence in pedagogy Educational Theory 54 193–210 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1741-5446.2004.00014.x
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zembylas, M. A Pedagogy of Unknowing: Witnessing Unknowability in Teaching and Learning. Stud Philos Educ 24, 139–160 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-005-1287-3
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-005-1287-3