Abstract
Non-thermal particles and high-energy radiation can play a role in the dynamical processes in star-forming regions and provide an important piece of the multiwavelength observational picture of their structure and components. Powerful stellar winds and supernovae in compact clusters of massive stars and OB associations are known to be favourable sites of high-energy particle acceleration and sources of non-thermal radiation and neutrinos. Namely, young massive stellar clusters are likely sources of the PeV (petaelectronvolt) regime cosmic rays (CRs). They can also be responsible for the cosmic ray composition, e.g., 22Ne/20Ne anomalous isotopic ratio in CRs. Efficient particle acceleration can be accompanied by super-adiabatic amplification of the fluctuating magnetic fields in the systems converting a part of kinetic power of the winds and supernovae into the magnetic energy through the CR-driven instabilities. The escape and CR propagation in the vicinity of the sources are affected by the non-linear CR feedback. These effects are expected to be important in starburst galaxies, which produce high-energy neutrinos and gamma-rays. We give a brief review of the theoretical models and observational data on high-energy particle acceleration and their radiation in star-forming regions with young stellar population.
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Notes
especially if the injection scale of the turbulence is large as it is the case here with \(L \sim L_{\mathrm{s}} \sim 100\) pc, see Table 1.
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Acknowledgements
A.M.B., A.M. and J.M.D.K. thank the staff of ISSI for their generous hospitality and creating the fruitful cooperation. A.M.B. and M.E.K. were supported by the RSF grant 16-12-10225. E.A. acknowledges support by INAF and ASI through grants PRIN SKA-CTA 2016, INAF-MAINSTREAM 2018 and ASI/INAF n. 2017-14-H.O. J.M.D.K. gratefully acknowledges funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG) in the form of an Emmy Noether Research Group (grant number KR4801/1-1) and a DFG Sachbeihilfe Grant (grant number KR4801/2-1), from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme via the ERC Starting Grant MUSTANG (grant agreement number 714907), and from Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 881 “The Milky Way System” (subproject B2) of the DFG. Some of the modeling was performed at the “Tornado” subsystem of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic University supercomputing center and at the JSCC RAS. AB and EW acknowledge hospitality of the RAS Presidium at the workshop “High-energy processes in space objects: fundamental physics and new detection technolgies” (Moscow, 16-20 Sep 2019).
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Star Formation
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Bykov, A.M., Marcowith, A., Amato, E. et al. High-Energy Particles and Radiation in Star-Forming Regions. Space Sci Rev 216, 42 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00663-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00663-0