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Planned Products of the Mars Structure Service for the InSight Mission to Mars

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Abstract

The InSight lander will deliver geophysical instruments to Mars in 2018, including seismometers installed directly on the surface (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure, SEIS). Routine operations will be split into two services, the Mars Structure Service (MSS) and Marsquake Service (MQS), which will be responsible, respectively, for defining the structure models and seismicity catalogs from the mission. The MSS will deliver a series of products before the landing, during the operations, and finally to the Planetary Data System (PDS) archive. Prior to the mission, we assembled a suite of a priori models of Mars, based on estimates of bulk composition and thermal profiles. Initial models during the mission will rely on modeling surface waves and impact-generated body waves independent of prior knowledge of structure. Later modeling will include simultaneous inversion of seismic observations for source and structural parameters. We use Bayesian inversion techniques to obtain robust probability distribution functions of interior structure parameters. Shallow structure will be characterized using the hammering of the heatflow probe mole, as well as measurements of surface wave ellipticity. Crustal scale structure will be constrained by measurements of receiver function and broadband Rayleigh wave ellipticity measurements. Core interacting body wave phases should be observable above modeled martian noise levels, allowing us to constrain deep structure. Normal modes of Mars should also be observable and can be used to estimate the globally averaged 1D structure, while combination with results from the InSight radio science mission and orbital observations will allow for constraint of deeper structure.

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Acknowledgements

Research described in this paper was partially done by the InSight Project, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work has been supported by CNES for all French institutions’ co-authors. S.H., J.B.G. and the IPGP, ISAE and Univ. Nantes teams have been also supported by ANR (ANR-14-CE36-0012 “Seismology on Mars”) and PL by Institut Universitaire de France. The Bayesian inversions of Sect. 3 were performed using HPC resources of CINES (Centre Informatique National de l’Enseignement Superieur) under the allocation 2015047341 made by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif). A.K. was supported by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF-ANR project 157133 “Seismology on Mars”) and from the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) under project ID s628. N.T. and J.W. were supported by funding from the U.K. Space Agency. The open source spectral-element software packages SPECFEM3D GLOBE and AxiSEM are freely available via the Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics (CIG; geodynamics.org). For SPECFEM3D GLOBE simulations computational resources were provided by the Princeton Institute for Computational Science & Engineering (PICSciE). This paper is InSight Contribution Number 22.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, 241 Williamson Hall, Box 112120, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States

    Mark P. Panning

  2. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Univ Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 35 rue Hélène Brion—Case 7071, Lamarck A, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France

    Philippe Lognonné, Jean-Francois Blanchette-Guertin, Mélanie Drilleau & Mark Wieczorek

  3. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, United States

    W. Bruce Banerdt, Matthew Golombek, Sharon Kedar & Sue Smrekar

  4. Institut Superieur de l’Aeronautique et de l’Espace, Toulouse, France

    Raphaël Garcia, Stefanie Hempel, Naomi Murdoch & David Mimoun

  5. Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany

    Brigitte Knapmeyer-Endrun & Ulrich Christensen

  6. Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, UMR-CNRS 6112, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France

    Antoine Mocquet, Eric Beucler & Olivier Verhoeven

  7. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom

    Nick A. Teanby & James Wookey

  8. Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States

    Jeroen Tromp & Youyi Ruan

  9. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL, 35805, United States

    Renee Weber

  10. Géoazur, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, 250 rue Albert Einstein, 06560, Valbonne, France

    Ebru Bozdağ

  11. Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, B. Gruzinskaya, 10, Moscow, 123495, Russia

    Tamara Gudkova

  12. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Institutsky per., 9, Moscow region, 141700, Russia

    Tamara Gudkova

  13. ETH Zürich, Institut für Geophysik, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland

    Amir Khan & Domenico Giardini

  14. Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States

    Vedran Lekić, Nicholas Schmerr & Chao Gao

  15. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany

    Ana-Catalina Plesa & Martin Knapmeyer

  16. Royal Observatory Belgium, Av Circulaire 3-Ringlaan 3, 1180, Brussels, Belgium

    Atillio Rivoldini & Veronique Dehant

  17. Swiss Seismological Service, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland

    John Clinton

  18. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

    W. Thomas Pike

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  1. Mark P. Panning
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Correspondence to Mark P. Panning.

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Panning, M.P., Lognonné, P., Bruce Banerdt, W. et al. Planned Products of the Mars Structure Service for the InSight Mission to Mars. Space Sci Rev 211, 611–650 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0317-5

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