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Sources of Local Time Asymmetries in Magnetodiscs

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Abstract

The rapidly rotating magnetospheres at Jupiter and Saturn contain a near-equatorial thin current sheet over most local times known as the magnetodisc, resembling a wrapped-up magnetotail. The Pioneer, Voyager, Ulysses, Galileo, Cassini and New Horizons spacecraft at Jupiter and Saturn have provided extensive datasets from which to observationally identify local time asymmetries in these magnetodiscs. Imaging in the infrared and ultraviolet from ground- and space-based instruments have also revealed the presence of local time asymmetries in the aurora which therefore must map to local time asymmetries in the magnetosphere. Asymmetries are found in (i) the configuration of the magnetic field and magnetospheric currents, where a thicker disc is found in the noon and dusk sectors; (ii) plasma flows where the plasma flow has local time-dependent radial components; (iii) a thicker plasma sheet in the dusk sector. Many of these features are also reproduced in global MHD simulations. Several models have been developed to interpret these various observations and typically fall into two groups: ones which invoke coupling with the solar wind (via reconnection or viscous processes) and ones which invoke internal rotational processes operating inside an asymmetrical external boundary. In this paper we review these observational in situ findings, review the models which seek to explain them, and highlight open questions and directions for future work.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support of EUROPLANET RI project (Grant agreement No.: 228319) funded by EU; and also the support of the International Space Science Institute (Bern). The authors thank M.G. Kivelson for access to Galileo magnetometer data and M.K. Dougherty for access to Cassini magnetometer data, accessed via the NASA Planetary Data System. CSA was supported by a Royal Society Research Fellowship. CMJ was supported by a Science and Technology Facilities Council Ernest Rutherford Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK

    C. S. Arridge

  2. The Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK

    C. S. Arridge

  3. Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK

    C. S. Arridge

  4. Harford Research Institute, 1411 Saratoga Dr, Bel Air, MD, 21014, USA

    M. Kane

  5. Office of Space Research and Technology, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece

    N. Sergis

  6. Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    K. K. Khurana

  7. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

    C. M. Jackman

Authors
  1. C. S. Arridge
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  2. M. Kane
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  3. N. Sergis
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  4. K. K. Khurana
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  5. C. M. Jackman
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. S. Arridge.

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Arridge, C.S., Kane, M., Sergis, N. et al. Sources of Local Time Asymmetries in Magnetodiscs. Space Sci Rev 187, 301–333 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-015-0145-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-015-0145-z

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