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Electron-Ion Temperature Equilibration in Collisionless Shocks: The Supernova Remnant-Solar Wind Connection

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Abstract

Collisionless shocks are loosely defined as shocks where the transition between pre-and post-shock states happens on a length scale much shorter than the collisional mean free path. In the absence of collision to enforce thermal equilibrium post-shock, electrons and ions need not have the same temperatures. While the acceleration of electrons for injection into shock acceleration processes to produce cosmic rays has received considerable attention, the related problem of the shock heating of quasi-thermal electrons has been relatively neglected.

In this paper we review the state of our knowledge of electron heating in astrophysical shocks, mainly associated with supernova remnants (SNRs), shocks in the solar wind associated with the terrestrial and Saturnian bowshocks, and galaxy cluster shocks. The solar wind and SNR samples indicate that the ratio of electron temperature, (T e ) to ion temperature (T p ) declining with increasing shock speed or Alfvén Mach number. We discuss the extent to which such behavior can be understood on the basis of waves generated by cosmic rays in a shock precursor, which then subsequently damp by heating electrons, and speculate that a similar explanation may work for both solar wind and SNR shocks.

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Acknowledgements

P.G. acknowledges support by HST grant HST-GO-11184.07-A to Towson University. JML acknowledges support by grant NNH10A009I from the NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program, and by basic research funds of the Office of Naval Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA

    Parviz Ghavamian

  2. Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Steven J. Schwartz & Jeremy Mitchell

  3. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kanagawa, 252-5210, Japan

    Adam Masters

  4. Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 7684, Washington, DC, 20375, USA

    J. Martin Laming

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  1. Parviz Ghavamian
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Correspondence to Parviz Ghavamian.

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Ghavamian, P., Schwartz, S.J., Mitchell, J. et al. Electron-Ion Temperature Equilibration in Collisionless Shocks: The Supernova Remnant-Solar Wind Connection. Space Sci Rev 178, 633–663 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-9999-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-9999-0

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