Skip to main content
Log in

On the Differences in Composition between Solar Energetic Particles and Solar Wind

  • Published:
Space Science Reviews Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although the average composition of solar energetic particles (SEPs) and the bulk solar wind are similar in a number of ways, there are key differences which imply that solar wind is not the principal seed population for SEPs accelerated by coronal mass ejection (CME) driven shocks. This paper reviews these composition differences and considers the composition of other possible seed populations, including coronal material, impulsive flare material, and interplanetary CME material.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • E. Anders, N. Grevesse, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 197–214 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • H.H. Breneman, E.C. Stone, Astrophys. J. Lett. 299, L57–L61 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • H.V. Cane, T.T. von Rosenvinge, C.M.S. Cohen, R.A. Mewaldt, Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 5–1 (2003). doi: 10.1029/2002GL016580

    Google Scholar 

  • H.V. Cane, R.A. Mewaldt, C.M.S. Cohen, T.T. von Rosenvinge, J. Geophys. Res. 111 (2006). doi: 10.1029/2005JA011071

  • E.W. Cliver, in High Energy Solar Physics, ed. by R. Ramaty et al., AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 374 (1996), pp. 45–60

  • C.M.S. Cohen et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 2697–2700 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • C.M.S. Cohen et al., in Solar and Galactic Composition. AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 598 (2001), p. 107

  • C.M.S. Cohen et al., J. Geophys. Res. 110, (2005). doi: 10.1029/2004JA011004

  • C.M.S. Cohen et al. (2007), this volume. doi: 10.1007/s11214-007-9218-y

  • M.I. Desai et al., Astrophys. J. 588, 1149–1162 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M.I. Desai et al., Astrophys. J. 649, 470–489 (2006a)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M.I. Desai et al., Astrophys. J. Lett. 645, L81–L84 (2006b)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M.I. Desai et al. (2007), this volume

  • U. Feldman, Space Sci. Rev. 85, 227–240 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • U. Feldman, K.G. Widing, Space Sci. Rev. 107, 665–720 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • L.A. Fisk, J. Geophys. Res. 108, (2003). doi: 10.1029/2002JA009284

  • L.A. Fisk, G. Gloeckler, Astrophys. J. 640, L79–L82 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J. Geiss, Space Sci. Rev. 85, 241–252 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J. Geiss, P. Bochsler, in Proc. Rapports Isotopiques dans le Systeme Solaire (Cepadues-Editions, Paris, 1985), pp. 213–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Gloeckler, J. Geiss, Space Sci. Rev. 84, 275 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • G. Gloeckler, L.A. Fisk, T.H. Zurbuchen, N.A. Schwadron, in Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles in the Heliosphere. AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 528 (2000), p. 229

  • N. Gopalswamy, S. Yashiro, S. Krucker, G. Stenborg, R.A. Howard, J. Geophys. Res. 109, (2004). doi: 10.10029/2004JA010602

  • D. Hovestadt, in Solar Wind Three, ed. by C.T. Russell (1974), pp. 2–25

  • F.M. Ipavich et al., J. Geophys. Res. 91, 4133 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • B. Klecker et al., Adv. Space Res. 38(3), 493–497 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • L. Kocharov, J. Torsti, Astrophys. J. 586, 1430–1435 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • A.W. Labrador, R.A. Leske, R.A. Mewaldt, E.C. Stone, T.T. von Rosenvinge, in Proc. 29th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf., vol. 1 (2005), pp. 99–102

  • M.A. Lee, A.J. Tylka (2007), this volume

  • S. Lepri, T.H. Zurbuchen, L.A. Fisk, I.G. Richardson, H.V. Cane, G. Gloeckler, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 29231 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R.A. Leske, J.R. Cummings, R.A. Mewaldt, E.C. Stone, T.T. von Rosenvinge, Astrophys. J. Lett. 452, L149–L152 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • G. Li, G.P. Zank, Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 (2005). doi: 10.1029/2004GL021250

  • K. Lodders, Astrophys. J., 591, 1220–1247 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • A. Luhn et al., Adv. Space Res. 4(2), 161–166 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • E. Marsch, R. von Steiger, P. Bochsler, Astron. Astrophys. 301, 261–276 (1995)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • G.M. Mason et al., Astrophys. J. 606, 555 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • G.M. Mason, Space Sci. Rev. 99, 119 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • G.M. Mason, J.E. Mazur, J.R. Dwyer, Astrophys. J. Lett. 525, L133–L136 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J.E. Mazur, G.M. Mason, M.D. Looper, R.A. Leske, R.A. Mewaldt, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 173–176 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R.E. McGuire, T.T. von Rosenvinge, F.B. McDonald, Astrophys. J. 301, 938–961 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R.A. Mewaldt, in Proc. 26th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conference: Invited, Rapporteur, and Highlight Papers. AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 516 (2000), pp. 265–270

  • R.A. Mewaldt et al., in Proc. 27th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf., vol. 8 (2001a), pp. 3132–3135

  • R.A. Mewaldt et al., in Solar and Galactic Composition. AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 598 (2001b), pp. 165–170

  • R.A. Mewaldt et al., Adv. Space Res. 30(1), 79–84 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R.A. Mewaldt et al., in Physics of Collisionless Shocks. AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 781 (2005), pp. 227–232

  • R.A. Mewaldt, C.M.S. Cohen, G.M. Mason, in Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles, ed. by N. Gopalswamy, et al., AGU Monograph, vol. 165 (2006), pp. 115–126

  • J.P. Meyer, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 57, 151–171 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • E. Moebius et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. 226, 145–148 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Oetliker et al., Astrophys. J. 477, 495–501 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M.A. Popecki, in Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles, ed. by N. Gopolswamy, R.A. Mewaldt, J. Torsti. AGU Monograph, vol. 165 (2006), pp. 127–136

  • D.V. Reames, Adv. Space Res. 15(7), 41–51 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.V. Reames, Space Sci. Rev. 90, 413 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.V. Reames, J.P. Meyer, T.T. von Rosenvinge, Astrophys. J. 90, 649–667 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A. Reinard, Astrophys. J. 620, 501–505 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • I.G. Richardson, H.V. Cane, J. Geophys. Res. 109 (2004). doi: 10.1029/2004JA010598

  • N.A. Schwadron, L.A. Fisk, T.H. Zurbuchen, Astrophys. J. 521, 859–867 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J. Torsti, J. Laivola, L. Kocharov, Astron. Astrophys. 408, L1–L4 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • A.J. Tylka, P.R. Boberg, R.E. McGuire, C.K. Ng, D.V. Reames, in Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles Observed in the Heliosphere. AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 528 (2000), pp. 147–152

  • A.J. Tylka et al., Astrophys. J. 625, 474–495 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R. von Steiger et al., J. Geophys. Res. 105, 27217–27238 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R. von Steiger, T.H. Zurbuchen, A. Kilchenmann, in Proc. Solar Wind 11 – SOHO 16 “Connecting Sun and Heliosphere”. ESA SP-592 (2005), pp. 317–323

  • M.E. Wiedenbeck et al., in Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles Observed in the Heliosphere. AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 528 (2000), pp. 107–110

  • T. Zurbuchen, L.A. Fisk, G. Gloeckler, R. von Steiger, Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 (2002). doi: 10.1029/2001GL013946

  • T.H. Zurbuchen, R. von Steiger, EOS Trans. AGU 84(46) (2003), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract SH11A-03

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. A. Mewaldt.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mewaldt, R.A., Cohen, C.M.S., Mason, G.M. et al. On the Differences in Composition between Solar Energetic Particles and Solar Wind. Space Sci Rev 130, 207–219 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-007-9187-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-007-9187-1

Keywords

Navigation