Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Solar Energetic Particle Composition, Energy Spectra, and Space Weather

  • Published:
Space Science Reviews Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recent progress in measuring the composition and energy spectra of solar energetic particles (SEPs) accelerated by CME-driven shocks is reviewed, including a comparison of the observed charge-to-mass dependence of breaks in SEP spectra with model predictions. Also discussed is a comparison of SEP and CME kinetic energies in seventeen large SEP events, and estimates of the SEP radiation dose that astronauts would be subject to once they venture outside the protective cover of Earth’s magnetosphere.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bamert, K., Kallenbach, R., Ness, N. F., Smith, C. W., Terasawa, T., Hilchenbach, M., et al.: 2004, Astrophys. J. Lett. 601, L99.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Band, D., Matteson, J., Ford, L., Schaefer, B., Palmer, D., Teegarden, B., et al.: 1993, Astrophys. J. 413, 281.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Blake, J. B., Kolasinski, W. A., Fillius, R. W., and Mullen, E. G.: 1992, Geophys. Res. Lett. 19, 821.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cane, H. V., von Rosenvinge, T. T., Cohen, C. M. S., and Mewaldt, R. A.: 2003, Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, SEP 5-1, doi: 10.1029/2002GL016580.

  • Cane, H. V., von Rosenvinge, T. T., Cohen, C. M. S., and Mewaldt, R. A.: 2006, J. Geophys. Res., A06S90, doi: 10.1029/2005JA011071.

  • Channok, C., Ruffolo, D., Desai, M. I., and Mason, G. M.: 2005, Astrophys. J. Lett. 633, L53.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, C. M. S., Mewaldt, R. A., Leske, R. A., Cummings, A. C., Stone, E. C., Wiedenbeck, M. E., et al.: 1999, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 2697.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, C. M. S., Stone, E. C., Mewaldt, R. A., Leske, R. A., Cummings, A. C., Mason, G. M., et al.: 2005, J. Geophys. Res. 110, doi: 10.1029/2004JA011004.

  • Desai, M. I., Mason, G. M., Gold, R. E., Krimigis, S. M., Cohen, C. M. S., Mazur, J. E., et al.: 2006a, Astrophys. J. 649, 470.

  • Desai, M. I., Mason, G. M., Mazur, J. E., and Dwyer, J. R.: 2006b, this volume, doi: 10.1007/s11214-006-9109-7.

  • Ellison, D. C., and Ramaty, R.: 1985, Astrophys. J. 298, 400.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Emslie, A. G., Kucharek, H., Dennis, B. R., Gopalswamy, N., Holman, G. D., Share, G. H., et al.: 2004, J. Geophys. Res. 109, A10104, doi:10.1029/2004JA010571.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Golightly, M., et al.: 2005, In: NASA Technical Paper 3211.

  • Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., Krucker, S., Stenborg, G., and Howard, R. A.: 2004, J. Geophys. Res. 109, A12105, doi: 1029/2004JA10602.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., Liu, Y., Michalek, G., Vourlidas, A., Kaiser, M. L., et al.: 2005, J. Geophys. Res. 110, A09S15, doi: 10.1029/2004JA010958.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackman, C. H., DeLand, M. T., Labow, G. J., Fleming, E. L., Weisenstein, D. K., Ko, M. K. W., et al.: 2005, J. Geophys. Res. 110, A09S27, doi: 10.1029/2004JA010888.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kallenbach, R., Bamert, K., Hilchenbach, M., and Smith, C. W.: 2005, in: Li, G., Zank, G. P., and Russell, C. T. (eds.), AIP Conf. Proc. 781: The Physics of Collisionless Shocks: 4th Annual IGPP International Astrophysics Conference, pp. 129–134.

  • Kim, M. Y., Hu, X., and Cuccinotta, F. A.: 2005, In: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Space 2005 Conference, Paper AIAA-6653, pp. 1–16.

  • Klecker, B.: 2006, In: Gopolswamy, N., Mewaldt, R. A., and Torsti, J. (eds.): AGU Monograph Series, Vol. 165 “Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles”, pp. 147–156.

  • Klecker, B., Möbius, E., and Popecki, M. A.: 2006, ssr, this volume, doi: 10.1007/s11214-006-9111-0.

  • Labrador, A., Leske, R., Mewaldt, R., Stone, E., and von Rosenvinge, T.: 2005, In: Proc. 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Pune, India, Vol. 1, pp. 99–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lario, D., Kallenrode, M.-B., Decker, R. B., Krimigis, S. M., Roelof, E. C., Aran, A., et al.: 2006, Astrophys. J., submitted.

  • Lee, M. A.: 1983, J. Geophys. Res. 88(17), 6109.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Leske, R. A., Mewaldt, R. A., Stone, E. C., and von Rosenvinge, T. T.: 2001, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 30011.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Leske, R. A., et al.: 2003, In: 28th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., pp. 3253–3236.

  • Li, X., Roth, I., Temerin, M., Wygant, J. R., Hudson, M. K., and Blake, J. B.: 1993, Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 2423.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, G., Zank, G. P., and Rice, W. K. M.: 2005, J. Geophys. Res. 110, doi: 10.1029/2005JA011038.

  • Looper, M. D., Blake, J. B., Mewaldt, R. A., Cummings, J. R., and Baker, D. N.: 1994, Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 2079.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Looper, M. D., Blake, J. B., and Mewaldt, R. A.: 2005, Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, doi: 10.1029/2004GL021502.

  • Mason, G. M., Mazur, J. E., and Dwyer, J. R.: 1999, Astrophys. J. Lett. 525, L133.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazur, J. E., Mason, G. M., Looper, M. D., Leske, R. A., and Mewaldt, R. A.: 1999, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 173.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazur, J. E., Blake, J. B., Slocum, P. L., Hudson, M. K., and Mason, G. M.: 2006, in: Gopolswamy, N., Mewaldt, R. A., and Torsti, J. (eds.), AGU Monograph Series, Vol. 165 “Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles”, pp. 345–352.

  • Mewaldt, R. A.: 2000, In: Dingus, B. L., Kieda, D. B., and Salamon, M. H. (eds.), AIP Conf. Proc. 516: 26th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf., pp. 265–270.

  • Mewaldt, R., Cohen, C., Mason, G., Desai, M., Leske, R., Mazur, J., et al.: 2003, in: Proc. 28th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Tsukuba, Japan, Vol. 6. pp. 3229–3232.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mewaldt, R. A., Cohen, C. M. S., Labrador, A. W., Leske, R. A., Mason, G. M., Desai, M. I., et al.: 2005a, J. Geophys. Res. 110, 9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mewaldt, R. A., Cohen, C. M. S., Mason, G. M., Labrador, A. W., Looper, M. L., Haggerty, D. E., et al.: 2005b, in: Li, G., Zank, G. P., and Russell, C. T. (eds.), AIP Conf. Proc. 781: The Physics of Collisionless Shocks: 4th Annual IGPP International Astrophysics Conference, pp. 227–232.

  • Mewaldt, R. A., Cohen, C. M. S., Mason, G. M., et al.: 2005c, in: ESA SP-592: Solar Wind 11/SOHO 16, Connecting Sun and Heliosphere.

  • Mewaldt, R. A., Looper, M. D., Cohen, C. M. S., Mason, G. M., Haggerty, D. K., Desai, M. I., et al.: 2005d, in: Proc. 29th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Pune, India, Vol. 1, pp. 111–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mewaldt, R. A., Cohen, C. M. S., and Mason, G. M.: 2006, in: Gopolswamy, N., Mewaldt, R. A., and Torsti, J. (eds.), AGU Monograph Series, Vol. 165 “Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles”, pp. 115–126.

  • Nealy, J., Streipe, S., and Simonsen, L.: 1992, in: NASA Technical Paper 3211.

  • Ng, C. K., Reames, D. V., and Tylka, A. J.: 2003, Astrophys. J. 591, 461.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogliore, R. C., Mewaldt, R. A., Leske, R. A., Stone, E. C., and von Rosenvinge, T. T.: 2001, in: 27th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., pp. 4112–4115.

  • Popecki, M. A.: 2006, in: Gopolswamy, N., Mewaldt, R. A., and Torsti, J. (eds.), AGU Monograph Series, Vol. 165 “Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles”, pp. 127–136.

  • Ptuskin, V. S.: 2001, Space Sci. Rev. 99, 281.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Reames, D. V.: 1998, Space Sci. Rev. 85, 327.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Reames, D. V., and Ng, C. K.: 1998, Astrophys. J. 504, 1002.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruzmaikan, A., Li, G., Feynman, J., and Jun, I.: 2005, in: ESA SP-592: Solar Wind 11/SOHO 16, Connecting Sun and Heliosphere, pp. 441–444.

  • Turner, R. E.: 2006, in: Gopolswamy, N., Mewaldt, R. A., and Torsti, J. (eds.), AGU Monograph Series, Vol. 165 “Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles”, pp. 367–374.

  • Tylka, A. J., Boberg, P. R., McGuire, R. E., Ng, C. K., and Reames, D. V.: 2000, in: R. A. M. et al. (ed.), Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles Observed in the Heliosphere: ACE 2000 Symposium, pp. 147–152.

  • Tylka, A. J., Cohen, C. M. S., Dietrich, W. F., Maclennan, C. G., McGuire, R. E., Ng, C. K., et al.: 2001, Astrophys. J. Lett. 558, L59.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tylka, A. J., Cohen, C. M. S., Dietrich, W. F., Lee, M. A., Maclennan, C. G., Mewaldt, R. A., et al.: 2005, Astrophys. J. 625, 474.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • von Rosenvinge, T. T., and Cane, H. V.: 2006, in: Gopolswamy, N., Mewaldt, R. A., and Torsti, J. (eds.), AGU Monograph Series, Vol. 165 “Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles”, pp. 103–114.

  • Vourlidas, A., Subramanian, P., Dere, K. P., and Howard, R. A.: 2000, Astrophys. J. 534, 456.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

    R. A. Mewaldt

Authors
  1. R. A. Mewaldt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. A. Mewaldt.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mewaldt, R.A. Solar Energetic Particle Composition, Energy Spectra, and Space Weather. Space Sci Rev 124, 303–316 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-006-9091-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-006-9091-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation