Abstract
Interplanetary (IP) shocks traveling between the Sun and the Earth’s orbit were clearly detected in interplanetary scintillation (IPS) observations made at Toyokawa (Japan) and Pushchino (Russia), in association with two halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that occurred on 04 and 06 September 2017. Since the observation times at Toyokawa and Pushchino differ by about six hours, a combined analysis of the IPS data obtained at these sites enabled high-cadence tracking of the IP shock for one of the CME events. The plane-of-sky locations where the IP disturbances were observed at Toyokawa were generally consistent with those at Pushchino. The propagation speeds of IP shocks inferred from IPS observations were higher than the average speeds derived from the occurrence time of IP shocks at Earth. This difference was ascribed to the deceleration of the CME-driven shocks during propagation. The east–west asymmetry of the propagation speed of IP shocks was also revealed from IPS observations. Solar-wind disturbances moving at a speed significantly slower than the average speed of the IP shock were identified from the IPS observations of the 06 September 2017 halo CME event. A wide longitudinal extent of these slow disturbances was suggested by the fact they were observed not only west but also east of the Sun; i.e. the opposite side to the flare/CME site. The origin of the slow disturbances is considered to represent either wing portions of the highly warped IP shock or the post-shock dense materials.
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Acknowledgements
The IPS observations at Toyokawa were conducted under the solar-wind program of the Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE). We thank the SOHO Science Archive ( sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/ ), the National Centers for Environmental Information ( satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov/ ), and the ACE Science Center ( www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/ ) for providing the LASCO, GOES, and ACE data, respectively. The information n the geomagnetic storms was obtained from the Kakioka Magnetic Observatory website ( www.kakioka-jma.go.jp/ ). This CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. This article uses data from the CACTus CME catalog, generated and maintained by the SIDC at the Royal Observatory of Belgium. S. Tyul’bashev and I. Chashei are grateful to I.A. Subaev for assistance in preparation of the Pushchino data.
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Tokumaru, M., Fujiki, K., Iwai, K. et al. Coordinated Interplanetary Scintillation Observations in Japan and Russia for Coronal Mass Ejection Events in Early September 2017. Sol Phys 294, 87 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-019-1487-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-019-1487-6