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A Simple Way to Estimate the Soft X-ray Class of Far-Side Solar Flares Observed with STEREO/EUVI

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Abstract

Around the peaks of substantial flares, bright spurious nearly horizontal saturation streaks (B-streaks) corresponding to the brightest parts of the flare sources appear in the STEREO/EUVI 195 Å images. We show that the length of these B-streaks can be used to solve the problem of evaluating the soft X-ray flux and class of far-side flares that are registered with the twin STEREO spacecraft, but are invisible from Earth. For this purpose, from data on about 350 flares that were observed from January 2007 to July 2014 (mainly exceeding the GOES M1.0 level) both with GOES and STEREO, we established an empirical relation that correlates the GOES 1 – 8 Å peak flux and the B-streak length. This allowed us to estimate the soft X-ray classes for approximately 65 strong far-side flares observed by STEREO for the same years. The results of this simple and prompt method are consistent with the estimations of Nitta et al. (Solar Phys. 288, 241, 2013a) that were based on the calculations of the EUVI full-disk digital number output. In addition, we studied some features of the B-streaks in impulsive and long-duration flares and demonstrate that B-streaks in several consecutive EUVI images can be used to reconstruct a probable time history of strong far-side flares.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the anonymous referee for constructive comments that helped us to improve the manuscript. The authors thank the GOES and STEREO teams for their open data used in our study. This research was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research under grant 14-02-00367 and the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation under projects 8407 and 14.518.11.7047.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN), Troitsk, Moscow, 142190, Russia

    I. M. Chertok & A. V. Belov

  2. Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Lermontov St. 126A, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia

    V. V. Grechnev

Authors
  1. I. M. Chertok
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  2. A. V. Belov
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  3. V. V. Grechnev
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Correspondence to V. V. Grechnev.

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Chertok, I.M., Belov, A.V. & Grechnev, V.V. A Simple Way to Estimate the Soft X-ray Class of Far-Side Solar Flares Observed with STEREO/EUVI. Sol Phys 290, 1947–1961 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-015-0738-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-015-0738-4

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