Abstract
When a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) is ejected by the Sun, it reaches the Earth orbit in a modified state and is called an ICME (Interplanetary CME). When an ICME blob engulfs the Earth, short-scale cosmic-ray (CR) storms (Forbush decreases, FDs) occur, sometimes accompanied by geomagnetic Dst storms, if the B z component in the blob is negative. Generally, this is a sudden process that causes abrupt changes. However, sometimes before this abrupt change (FD) due to strong ICME blobs, there are slow, small changes in interplanetary parameters such as steady increases in solar wind speed V, which are small, but can last for several hours. In the present communication, CR changes in such an event are illustrated in the period 1 – 3 October 2013, when V increased steadily from ∼ 200 km s−1 to ∼ 400 km s−1 during 24 hours on 1 October 2013. The CR intensities decreased by 1 – 2 % during some hours of this 24-hour interval, indicating that CR intensities do respond to these weak but long-lasting increases in interplanetary solar wind speed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Belov, A.: 2000, Space Sci. Rev. 93, 79.
Belov, A.V.: 2008, In: Gopalswamy, N., Webb, D.F. (eds.) Universal Heliophysical Processes, IAU Symp. 257, 439.
Belov, A.V., Dorman, L.I., Eroshenko, E.A., Iucci, N., Villoresi, G., Yanke, V.G.: 1995, In: Iucci, N., Lamanna, E. (eds.) Proc. 24th ICRC 4, 888.
Belov, A., Eroshenko, E., Oleneva, V., Struminsky, A., Yanke, V.: 2001, Adv. Space Res. 27, 625.
Blanco, J.J., Catalán, E., Hidalgo, M.A., Medina, J., García, O., Rodríguez-Pacheco, J.: 2013, Solar Phys. 284, 167.
Burlaga, L.F., McDonald, F.B., Ness, N.F.: 1993, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 1.
Burlaga, L.F., McDonald, F.B., Goldstein, M.N., Lazarus, A.J.: 1985, J. Geophys. Res. 90, 12027.
Burlaga, L., Berdichevsky, D., Gopalswamy, N., Lepping, R., Zurbuchen, T.: 2003, J. Geophys. Res. 108(A12), 1425. 10.1029/2003JA010088 .
Cane, H.: 2000, Space Sci. Rev. 93, 55.
Dorman, L.I.: 1959, In: Proc. 6th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Moscow 4, 328.
Dorman, L.I.: 2005, Ann. Geophys. 23, 2997.
Dorman, I.V., Dorman, L.I.: 1967, J. Geophys. Res. 72(5), 1513.
Dungey, J.W.: 1961, Phys. Rev. Lett. 6, 47.
Forbush, S.E.: 1958, J. Geophys. Res. 64, 651.
Jokipii, J.R., Davila, J.M.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 248, 1156.
Jokipii, J.R., Thomas, B.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 243, 1115.
Jordan, A.P., Spence, H.E., Blake, J.B., Shaul, D.N.A.: 2011, J. Geophys. Res. 116, A11103. 10.1029/2011JA016791 .
Kananen, H., Tanskanen, P.J., Gentile, L.C., Shea, M.A., Smart, D.F.: 1991 In: Proc. 22nd ICRC 3, 145 – 148.
Kane, R.P.: 2007, Ann. Geophys. 25, 2087.
Kane, R.P.: 2010, Ann. Geophys. 28, 479.
Kudela, K., Storini, M.: 2006, Adv. Space Res. 37, 1443.
Lee, M.A., Fisk, L.A.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 248, 836.
Leerungnavarat, K., Ruffolo, D., Bieber, J.W.: 2003, Astrophys. J. 593, 587.
Mavromichalaki, H., Papaioannou, A., Plainaki, C., Sarlanis, C., Souvatzoglou, G., Gerontidou, M., Papailiou, M., Eroshenko, E., et al.: 2011, Adv. Space Res. 47, 2210.
Nagashima, K., Morishita, I.: 1979 In: Conf. Pap. 16th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. 3, 325.
Papaioannou, A., Malandraki, O.E., Belov, A., Skoug, R., Mavromichalaki, H., Eroshenko, E., Abunin, A., Lepri, S.: 2010, Solar Phys. 266, 181.
Papaioannou, A., Belov, A., Mavromichalaki, H., Eroshenko, E., Yanke, V., Asvestari, E., Abunin, A., Abunina, M.: 2013, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 409, 012202.
Papailiou, M., Mavromichalaki, H., Belov, A., Eroshenko, E., Yanke, V.: 2012a, Solar Phys. 276, 337.
Papailiou, M., Mavromichalaki, H., Belov, A., Eroshenko, E., Yanke, V.: 2012b, Solar Phys. 280, 641.
Parker, E.N.: 1965, Space Sci. Rev. 4, 666.
Potgieter, M.S., Moraal, H.: 1985, Astrophys. J. 294, 425.
Singh, M., Badruddin Ananth, A.G.: 2005, In: 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Pune 2, 139.
Stone, E.C., Cummings, A.C., McDonald, F.B., Heikkila, B.C., Lal, N., Webber, W.R.: 2013, Science 341, 150.
Usoskin, I.G., Kananen, H., Mursula, K., Tanskanen, P., Kovaltsov, P.: 1998, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 9567.
Webber, W.R., McDonald, F.B.: 2013, Geophys. Res. Lett. 40, 1665.
Acknowledgements
Thanks are due to the referee for valuable suggestions. The neutron monitors of the Bartol Research Institute ( http://neutronm.bartol.udel.edu/~pyle/bri_table.html ) are supported by NSF grant ATM-0527878. This work was partially supported by FNDCT, Brazil, under contract FINEP-537/CT. For the website http://www.nmdb.eu/nest/statements.html , we acknowledge the NMDB database ( www.nmdb.eu ), established under the European Union’s FP7 programme (contract no. 213007) for providing data.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kane, R.P. Evolution of Cosmic-Ray Intensities While the Earth Was Engulfed by the Interplanetary Storm (Blob) of 1 – 3 October 2013. Sol Phys 289, 2669–2675 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-014-0489-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-014-0489-7