Abstract
Using the smoothed time series of maximum CME speed index for solar cycle 23, it is found that this index, analyzed jointly with six other solar activity indicators, shows a hysteresis phenomenon. The total solar irradiance, coronal index, solar radio flux (10.7 cm), Mg ii core-to-wing ratio, sunspot area, and Hα flare index follow different paths for the ascending and the descending phases of solar cycle 23, while a saturation effect exists at the maximum phase of the cycle. However, the separations between the paths are not the same for the different solar activity indicators used: the Hα flare index and total solar irradiance depict broad loops, while the Mg ii core-to-wing ratio and sunspot area depict narrow hysteresis loops. The lag times of these indices with respect to the maximum CME speed index are discussed, confirming that the hysteresis represents a clue in the search for physical processes responsible for changing solar emission.
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Özgüç, A., Kilcik, A. & Rozelot, J.P. Effects of Hysteresis Between Maximum CME Speed Index and Typical Solar Activity Indicators During Cycle 23. Sol Phys 281, 839–846 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-012-0087-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-012-0087-5