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Magnetic Topology of Active Regions and Coronal Holes: Implications for Coronal Outflows and the Solar Wind

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Abstract

During 2 – 18 January 2008 a pair of low-latitude opposite-polarity coronal holes (CHs) were observed on the Sun with two active regions (ARs) and the heliospheric plasma sheet located between them. We use the Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) to locate AR-related outflows and measure their velocities. Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) imaging is also employed, as are the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) in-situ observations, to assess the resulting impacts on the solar wind (SW) properties. Magnetic-field extrapolations of the two ARs confirm that AR plasma outflows observed with EIS are co-spatial with quasi-separatrix layer locations, including the separatrix of a null point. Global potential-field source-surface modeling indicates that field lines in the vicinity of the null point extend up to the source surface, enabling a part of the EIS plasma upflows access to the SW. We find that similar upflow properties are also observed within closed-field regions that do not reach the source surface. We conclude that some of plasma upflows observed with EIS remain confined along closed coronal loops, but that a fraction of the plasma may be released into the slow SW. This suggests that ARs bordering coronal holes can contribute to the slow SW. Analyzing the in-situ data, we propose that the type of slow SW present depends on whether the AR is fully or partially enclosed by an overlying streamer.

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Abbreviations

ACE:

Advanced Composition Explorer

AR:

active region

CH:

coronal hole

EIS:

EUV Imaging Spectrometer

FIP:

first ionization potential

FoV:

field of view

HCS:

Heliospheric Current Sheet

HPS:

Heliospheric Plasma Sheet

LFFF:

linear force-free field

PFSS:

potential-field source-surface

QSL:

quasi-separatrix layer

RF:

rarefaction region

SIR:

Stream Interaction Region

STEREO:

Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory

SW:

solar wind

XRT:

X-ray Telescope

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Acknowledgements

We thank the anonymous referee for constructive comments, which helped us in improving and clarifying the article. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission’s Seventh Framework Programme under the grant agreement No. 284461 (eHEROES project). LvDG’s work was supported by the Hungarian Research grant OTKA K-081421. CHM acknowledges financial support from the Argentinean grants PICT 2007-1790, UBACyT 20020100100733 and PIP 2009-100766 (CONICET). CHM is a member of the Carrera del Investigador Científico (CONICET). PD and CHM thank ECOS-MINCyT for their cooperative science program A08U01. The work of DHB was performed under contract with the Naval Research Laboratory and was funded by the NASA Hinode program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK

    L. van Driel-Gesztelyi, J. L. Culhane & D. Baker

  2. Observatoire de Paris, LESIA, CNRS, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France

    L. van Driel-Gesztelyi & P. Démoulin

  3. Konkoly Observatory, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

    L. van Driel-Gesztelyi

  4. International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland

    J. L. Culhane

  5. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio, CONICET-UBA, CC. 67, Suc. 28, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    C. H. Mandrini

  6. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, FCEN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    C. H. Mandrini

  7. Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA

    M. L. DeRosa

  8. Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse (UPS), Toulouse, France

    A. P. Rouillard & A. Opitz

  9. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5277, Toulouse, France

    A. P. Rouillard & A. Opitz

  10. College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA

    G. Stenborg & D. H. Brooks

  11. Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA

    A. Vourlidas

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  1. L. van Driel-Gesztelyi
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  2. J. L. Culhane
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  3. D. Baker
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  4. P. Démoulin
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  5. C. H. Mandrini
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  6. M. L. DeRosa
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  7. A. P. Rouillard
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  8. A. Opitz
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Correspondence to L. van Driel-Gesztelyi.

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van Driel-Gesztelyi, L., Culhane, J.L., Baker, D. et al. Magnetic Topology of Active Regions and Coronal Holes: Implications for Coronal Outflows and the Solar Wind. Sol Phys 281, 237–262 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-012-0076-8

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