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Connecting Coronal Mass Ejections and Magnetic Clouds: A Case Study Using an Event from 22 June 2009

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Abstract

On 27 June 2009 the Wind and Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft near Earth detected a magnetic cloud (MC). The MC can be traced back to a slow coronal mass ejection (CME) launched from the Sun on 22 June 2009 but this connection relies entirely on heliospheric imaging of the Sun–Earth line from the two STEREO spacecraft, illustrating the value of such imaging. The STEREO and SOHO/LASCO views of this event collectively suggest strongly that the CME has the shape of a magnetic flux rope. The arrival times of two density peaks at ACE are consistent with the expected arrival times of the front and back of the flux rope observed in the images, and the velocity of the CME seen by ACE is also consistent with the STEREO measurements. However, the complex nature of the MC signature of this event complicates attempts to compare the flux rope orientations inferred from the imaging and in situ data. Various analyses of the in situ data, performed using both force-free and Grad–Shafranov approaches to MC modeling, yield a wide range of flux rope orientations depending on the type of analysis and on the exact time interval used. The best reproduction of the image-inferred orientation occurs when the first third of the MC time interval is ignored.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by NASA award NNH10AN83I to the Naval Research Laboratory. The STEREO/SECCHI data are produced by a consortium of NRL (US), LMSAL (US), NASA/GSFC (US), RAL (UK), UBHAM (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), IOTA (France), and IAS (France). In addition to funding by NASA, NRL also received support from the USAF Space Test Program and ONR. C.M. was supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme, by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): P20145-N16, and by funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n∘263252 [COMESEP].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA

    B. E. Wood, K. Battams, R. A. Howard & D. G. Socker

  2. George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, 22030-4444, USA

    A. P. Rouillard

  3. IRAP, 9 Ave. du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028, Toulouse Cedex 4, France

    A. P. Rouillard

  4. Space Science Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    C. Möstl

  5. Kanzelhöhe Observatory-IGAM, Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria

    C. Möstl

  6. Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, 8042, Austria

    C. Möstl

  7. Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan

    N. P. Savani

  8. UCAR, Boulder, CO, 80307, USA

    N. P. Savani & K. Marubashi

  9. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA

    N. P. Savani

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Wood, B.E., Rouillard, A.P., Möstl, C. et al. Connecting Coronal Mass Ejections and Magnetic Clouds: A Case Study Using an Event from 22 June 2009. Sol Phys 281, 369–389 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-012-0036-3

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