Abstract
Recently observed oscillations in the solar atmosphere have been interpreted and modeled as magnetohydrodynamic wave modes. This has allowed for the estimation of parameters that are otherwise hard to derive, such as the coronal magnetic-field strength. This work crucially relies on the initial detection of the oscillations, which is commonly done manually. The volume of Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) data will make manual detection inefficient for detecting all of the oscillating regions. An algorithm is presented that automates the detection of areas of the solar atmosphere that support spatially extended oscillations. The algorithm identifies areas in the solar atmosphere whose oscillation content is described by a single, dominant oscillation within a user-defined frequency range. The method is based on Bayesian spectral analysis of time series and image filtering. A Bayesian approach sidesteps the need for an a-priori noise estimate to calculate rejection criteria for the observed signal, and it also provides estimates of oscillation frequency, amplitude, and noise, and the error in all of these quantities, in a self-consistent way. The algorithm also introduces the notion of quality measures to those regions for which a positive detection is claimed, allowing for simple post-detection discrimination by the user. The algorithm is demonstrated on two Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) datasets, and comments regarding its suitability for oscillation detection in SDO are made.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aschwanden, M.J., Fletcher, L., Schrijver, C.J., Alexander, D.: 1999, Coronal loop oscillations observed with the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer. Astrophys. J. 520, 880 – 894. doi: 10.1086/307502 .
Aschwanden, M.J., de Pontieu, B., Schrijver, C.J., Title, A.M.: 2002, Transverse oscillations in coronal loops observed with TRACE II. Measurements of geometric and physical parameters. Solar Phys. 206, 99 – 132. doi: 10.1023/A:1014916701283 .
Aschwanden, M.J., Lee, J.K., Gary, G.A., Smith, M., Inhester, B.: 2008, Comparison of five numerical codes for automated tracing of coronal loops. Solar Phys. 248, 359 – 377. doi: 10.1007/s11207-007-9064-9 .
Bayes, T.: 1763, An essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. 53, 370 – 418. http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/53/370 .
Berger, T.E., de Pontieu, B., Fletcher, L., Schrijver, C.J., Tarbell, T.D., Title, A.M.: 1999, What is moss? Solar Phys. 190, 409 – 418. doi: 10.1023/A:1005286503963 .
Berghmans, D., Clette, F.: 1999, Active region EUV transient brightenings – first results by EIT of SOHO JOP80. Solar Phys. 186, 207 – 229.
Bretthorst, G.L.: 1988, Lecture Notes in Statistics: Bayesian Spectrum Analysis and Parameter Estimation, Springer, Berlin.
Chatfield, C.: 1996, The Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction, 5th edn. Chapman and Hall, London.
Cooley, J., Tukey, J.: 1965, An algorithm for the machine computation of complex Fourier series. Math. Comput. 19, 297 – 301.
De Moortel, I.: 2005, An overview of coronal seismology. Roy. Soc. London Philos. Trans., Ser. A 363, 2743 – 2760.
De Moortel, I., Hood, A.W.: 2003, The damping of slow MHD waves in solar coronal magnetic fields. Astron. Astrophys. 408, 755 – 765. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20030984 .
De Moortel, I., Hood, A.W.: 2004, The damping of slow MHD waves in solar coronal magnetic fields. II. The effect of gravitational stratification and field line divergence. Astron. Astrophys. 415, 705 – 715. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20034233 .
De Moortel, I., McAteer, R.T.J.: 2004, Waves and wavelets: An automated detection technique for solar oscillations. Solar Phys. 223, 1 – 11. doi: 10.1007/s11207-004-0806-7 .
De Moortel, I., Ireland, J., Walsh, R.W.: 2000, Observation of oscillations in coronal loops. Astron. Astrophys. 355, L23 – L26.
De Moortel, I., Ireland, J., Hood, A.W., Walsh, R.W.: 2002, The detection of 3 and 5 min period oscillations in coronal loops. Astron. Astrophys. 387, L13 – L16. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20020436 .
de Pontieu, B., Erdélyi, R., James, S.P.: 2004, Solar chromospheric spicules from the leakage of photospheric oscillations and flows. Nature 430, 536 – 539. doi: 10.1038/nature02749 .
de Pontieu, B., Erdélyi, R., De Moortel, I.: 2005, How to channel photospheric oscillations into the corona. Astrophys. J. Lett. 624, L61 – L64. doi: 10.1086/430345 .
de Pontieu, B., Berger, T.E., Schrijver, C.J., Title, A.M.: 1999, Dynamics of transition region ‘moss’ at high time resolution. Solar Phys. 190, 419 – 435. doi: 10.1023/A:1005220606223 .
Deforest, C.E., Gurman, J.B.: 1998, Observation of quasi-periodic compressive waves in solar polar plumes. Astrophys. J. Lett. 501, L217. doi: 10.1086/311460 .
Fletcher, L., de Pontieu, B.: 1999, Plasma diagnostics of transition region “moss” using SOHO/CDS and TRACE. Astrophys. J. Lett. 520, L135 – L138. doi: 10.1086/312157 .
Grechnev, V.V.: 2003, A method to analyze imaging radio data on solar flares. Solar Phys. 213, 103 – 110.
Gregory, P.C.: 2005, Bayesian Logical Data Analysis for the Physical Sciences: A Comparative Approach with ‘Mathematica’ Support, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Ireland, J., De Moortel, I.: 2002, Application of wavelet analysis to transversal coronal loop oscillations. Astron. Astrophys. 391, 339 – 351. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20020643 .
Ireland, J., Walsh, R.W., Harrison, R.A., Priest, E.R.: 1999, A wavelet analysis of active region oscillations. Astron. Astrophys. 347, 355 – 365.
Jaynes, E.T.: 1987, Bayesian spectrum and chirp analysis. In: Smith, C.R., Erickson, G.J. (eds.) Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Spectral Analysis and Estimation Problems, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1 – 37.
Jaynes, E.T.: 2003, Probability Theory: The Logic Of Science, 1st edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Katsiyannis, A.C., Williams, D.R., McAteer, R.T.J., Gallagher, P.T., Keenan, F.P., Murtagh, F.: 2003, Eclipse observations of high-frequency oscillations in active region coronal loops. Astron. Astrophys. 406, 709 – 714. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20030458 .
King, D.B., Nakariakov, V.M., Deluca, E.E., Golub, L., McClements, K.G.: 2003, Propagating EUV disturbances in the Solar corona: Two-wavelength observations. Astron. Astrophys. 404, L1 – L4. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20030763 .
Linnell-Nemec, A.F., Nemec, J.M.: 1985, A test of significance for periods derived using phase-dispersion-minimization techniques. Astron. J. 90, 2317 – 2320. doi: 10.1086/113936 .
Marsh, M.S., Ireland, J., Kucera, T.: 2008, Bayesian analysis of solar oscillations. Astrophys. J. 681, 672 – 679. doi: 10.1086/588751 .
McAteer, R.T.J., Gallagher, P.T., Bloomfield, D.S., Williams, D.R., Mathioudakis, M., Keenan, F.P.: 2004, Ultraviolet oscillations in the chromosphere of the quiet Sun. Astrophys. J. 602, 436 – 445. doi: 10.1086/380835 .
McIntosh, S.W., Fleck, B., Tarbell, T.D.: 2004, Chromospheric oscillations in an equatorial coronal hole. Astrophys. J. Lett. 609, L95 – L98. doi: 10.1086/422748 .
McIntosh, S.W., de Pontieu, B., Tomczyk, S.: 2008, A coherence-based approach for tracking waves in the solar corona. Solar Phys. 252, 321 – 348. doi: 10.1007/s11207-008-9257-x .
Nakariakov, V.M., King, D.B.: 2007, Coronal periodmaps. Solar Phys. 241, 397 – 409. doi: 10.1007/s11207-007-0348-x .
Nakariakov, V.M., Verwichte, E.: 2005, Coronal waves and oscillations. Living Rev. Solar Phys. 2, 3.
Nakariakov, V.M., Ofman, L., Deluca, E.E., Roberts, B., Davila, J.M.: 1999, TRACE observation of damped coronal loop oscillations: Implications for coronal heating. Science 285, 862 – 864. doi: 10.1126/science.285.5429.862 .
Nakariakov, V.M., Arber, T.D., Ault, C.E., Katsiyannis, A.C., Williams, D.R., Keenan, F.P.: 2004, Time signatures of impulsively generated coronal fast wave trains. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 349, 705 – 709. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07537.x .
Nightingale, R.W., Aschwanden, M.J., Hurlburt, N.E.: 1999, Time variability of EUV brightenings in coronal loops observed with TRACE. Solar Phys. 190, 249 – 265. doi: 10.1023/A:1005211618498 .
Ofman, L., Romoli, M., Poletto, G., Noci, G., Kohl, J.L.: 1997, Ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometer observations of density fluctuations in the solar wind. Astrophys. J. Lett. 491, L111. doi: 10.1086/311067 .
O’Ruanaidh, J.K., Fitzgerald, W.J.: 1996, Numerical Bayesian Methods Applied to Signal Processing, Springer, New York.
O’Shea, E., Banerjee, D., Doyle, J.G., Fleck, B., Murtagh, F.: 2001, Active region oscillations. Astron. Astrophys. 368, 1095 – 1107. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20010073 .
Robbrecht, E., Verwichte, E., Berghmans, D., Hochedez, J.F., Poedts, S., Nakariakov, V.M.: 2001, Slow magnetoacoustic waves in coronal loops: EIT and TRACE. Astron. Astrophys. 370, 591 – 601. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20010226 .
Schuster, A.: 1898, On the investigation of hidden periodicities with application to a supposed 26 day period of meteorological phenomena. Terr. Magn. 3, 13 – 13.
Sych, R.A., Nakariakov, V.M.: 2008, The pixelised wavelet filtering method to study waves and oscillations in time sequences of solar atmospheric images. Solar Phys. 248, 395 – 408. doi: 10.1007/s11207-007-9005-7 .
Torrence, C., Compo, G.P.: 1998, A practical guide to wavelet analysis. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 79, 61 – 78. doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079 .
Verwichte, E., Nakariakov, V.M., Ofman, L., Deluca, E.E.: 2004, Characteristics of transverse oscillations in a coronal loop arcade. Solar Phys. 223, 77 – 94. doi: 10.1007/s11207-004-0807-6 .
Williams, D.R., Phillips, K.J.H., Rudawy, P., Mathioudakis, M., Gallagher, P.T., O’Shea, E., Keenan, F.P., Read, P., Rompolt, B.: 2001, High-frequency oscillations in a solar active region coronal loop. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 326, 428 – 436. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04491.x .
Williams, D.R., Mathioudakis, M., Gallagher, P.T., Phillips, K.J.H., McAteer, R.T.J., Keenan, F.P., Rudawy, P., Katsiyannis, A.C.: 2002, An observational study of a magneto-acoustic wave in the solar corona. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 336, 747 – 752. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05764.x .
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Solar Image Processing and Analysis
Guest Editors: J. Ireland and C.A. Young.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ireland, J., Marsh, M.S., Kucera, T.A. et al. Automated Detection of Oscillating Regions in the Solar Atmosphere. Sol Phys 264, 403–431 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-010-9592-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-010-9592-6